陈青春+蓝盾+赵新飞+张大伟+张永顺+付丽娇+李明+李艳大

摘要：为明确不同生育期的干物重对粤晶丝苗2号、粤农丝苗、合美占3个水稻（Oryza sativa L.）品种的产量及产量构成因素的影响，设置了早造和晚造两次不同氮肥梯度随机区组栽培试验。结果表明，叶片干物质的分配比例在拔节孕穗期时最高，且其随着生育进程逐渐降低，在乳熟期达到最低值；茎干物质的分配比例在乳熟期降至最低；齐穗期的穗干物质分配比例不到20%，而乳熟期的穗干物质量将近占总干物质量的43%；早造和晚造水稻的结实率差异极显著，总干重差异显著，而穗数、每穗粒数、千粒重、产量差异不显著；齐穗期以后，结实率和千粒重均与干物重呈负相关，而叶干重与穗数呈显著正相关，且相关性较大，茎干重与各产量性状密切相关，总干重与产量呈正相关。水稻干物重是决定高产的重要因素。

关键词：水稻（Oryza sativa L.）；产量；干物质；叶干重；茎干重；相关性

中图分类号：S511 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2017）07-1221-07

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.07.007

Study on the Relationship between Dry Weight and

Yield of Rice at Different Growth Stages

CHEN Qing-chun1，LAN Dun1，ZHAO Xin-fei1，ZHANG Da-wei1，

ZHANG Yong-shun1，FU Li-jiao1，LI Ming1，LI Yan-da2

（1.Crops Research Institute， Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering，Guangzhou 510225，China；

2.Institute of Agricultural Engineering，Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Nanchang 330200，China）

Abstract： In order to explore the effect of dry weight on yield and yield components of three rice varieties（Yuejing Simiao No.2， Yuenong Simiao， Hemeizhan） at different growth stages， two experiments were carried out with different N levels for early-rice and late-rice. The results showed that the distribution ratio of leaf dry matter was highest at the jointing-booting stage， the ratio reduced gradually with the growth process and reached the lowest value at the milking stage； the distribution ratio of stem dry matter decreased to the lowest at the milking stage； the distribution ratio of panicle dry matter was less than 20% at the full panicle stage， and it increased about 43% at the milking stage. Between early-rice and late-rice， the difference of seed setting rate was extremely significant， and the difference of total dry weight was significant， and the difference of number of panicle， number of spikelets per panicle， 1 000-grain weight or yield was not significant. After the full panicle stage， seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight were both negatively related to the dry weight， leaf dry weight was closely and positively related to number of panicle， stem dry weight was closely related to the yield traits， and total dry weight was positively related to the yield. Dry weight of rice was an important factor to determine the high yield.

Key words： rice（Oryza sativa L.）； yield； dry matter； leaf dry weight； stem dry weight； relationship

适宜群体质量有助于水稻（Oryza sativa L.）稳产高产。目前国内关于水稻不同生育期干物质生产和积累变化的研究已有很多，干物重与产量及产量构成因素的关系的研究也屡有报道。研究表明，水稻产量和干物重在一定时期和一定范围内呈正相关关系[1]，不同生育期水稻的干物質积累量不同，从而影响其产量的高低[2]。宋文博等[3]认为水稻抽穗后因干物质的积累而增产，李莉等[4]认为对中稻产量影响最大的干物质积累时期是营养生长阶段，对晚造产量影响较大的干物质积累时期是生育后期。……