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滇西耿马三叠纪花岗岩的地球化学特征及其成因

2017-05-11赵世启

价值工程 2017年14期

赵世启

摘要: 耿马地区三叠纪花岗岩主要为花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩石组合。岩石的SiO2含量为65.54%~70.04%,贫钙CaO=0.86%~3.57%,富钾K2O/Na2O=1.26~3.58,过铝Al2O3=13.71%~15.84%,A/CNK为0.95~1.70,平均1.173>1.1,且A-B图解中过铝度随花岗岩分异程度的增加而下降,ACF图解显示为S型,表明为高钾钙碱性过铝质-强过铝质花岗岩。岩石中富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,轻稀土富集明显;δEu=0.50~0.68,中等程度负铕异常。综合认为耿马地区三叠纪花岗岩为壳幔混合型花岗质岩浆,形成于弧-陆碰撞过程中深部地幔物质上涌导致古老地壳物质的部分熔融。

Abstract: The Triassic granites in Gengma area are mainly granite diorite-two-long granite assemblages. The content of SiO2 is 65.54% ~ 70.04%, the calcium deficient CaO is 0.86% ~ 3.57%, the potassium K2O/Na2O is 1.26 ~ 3.58, the peraluminous Al2O3 is 13.71% ~ 15.84%, the A/CNK is 0.95 ~ 1.70, averaging 1.173> 1.1, and the peraluminous degree in A-B plot decreases with the increase of granite differentiation, and the ACF diagram shows that it is S-type, which indicates that it is High-K and Ca alkaline peraluminous-strongly peraluminous granite. The rock is rich of large ion lithophile elements and lack of high field strength elements, and light rare earth enrichment is significant; δEu = 0.50 ~ 0.68, moderate negative europium anomalies. It is concluded that the Triassic granites in the Gemma area are crust-mantle mixed granitic magmas, and the deep mantle material uplift during the arc-land collision causes partial melting of the ancient crustal material.

關键词: 地球化学;岩石成因;三叠纪;耿马地区

Key words: geochemistry;rock genesis;Triassic;Gengma area

中图分类号:P59 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-4311(2017)14-0155-05

0 引言

滇西地处欧亚板块和印度板块的结合部位,地质构造背景复杂,岩浆活动频繁,是全球特提斯造山带发育最好、保存最完整的地区,也是研究古特提斯洋演化的重要窗口[1-2]。本文以耿马地区三叠纪花岗岩为研究对象,通过野外地质调查,从岩石地层、大地构造特征以及地球化学数据来解析耿马地区三叠纪花岗岩的物质来源和岩石成因。

1 区域地质背景和岩石学特征

根据滇西地区岩浆活动与大地构造演化及各大地构造单元之间的关系,将整个滇西地区划分为3个构造岩浆岩省14个构造岩浆岩带,以及一些亚带及若干岩石构造组合。耿马地区位于保山地块之耿马被动边缘上,以沧源断裂带、昌宁断裂带为东界,柯街-孟定断裂带为西界构成了一个狭长的区域,整个地区岩浆岩出露面积达280km2,主要构成大型的岩基、岩株,也有小型的岩株、岩盖、岩墙等形式出露(图1),岩株和岩基的形成为岩浆同一期次的产物。耿……

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