杨丽+李莹+王清娴+孙勇兵+刘湾+李文宏

[摘要]目的 探讨不同配比麻黄-杏仁药对中麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱与苦杏仁苷多组分含量的变化规律。方法 选用U6（64）均匀设计表安排配比，采用高效液相色谱法测定麻黄-杏仁药对不同配伍比例中麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱与苦杏仁苷的含量。结果 经方法学考察，麻黄碱回归方程为y=212.36x+0.6658，R2=0.9995；伪麻黄碱回归方程为y=184.95x+0.7268，R2=0.9990；苦杏仁苷回归方程为y=153.5x+2.4961，R2=0.9990；麻黄与杏仁配伍后，随着配伍比例的变化，麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱的含量与麻黄用量、苦杏仁苷与杏仁用量之间均呈现良好的线性关系。结论 该方法简便、准确、重现性好；麻黄-杏仁药对中有效成分的含量与用药量成正相关，而与配伍比例无明显的相关性。

[关键词]麻黄-杏仁药对；麻黄碱；伪麻黄碱；苦杏仁苷

[中图分类号] R285.5 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721（2017）02（b）-0004-05

[Abstract]Objective To discuss the change rule between the different compatibility of ephedra-almond drugs and the multicomponent content variation of ephedrine，pseudo-ephedrine and amygdalin.Methods The U6（64） uniform design table was selected to plan proportions，and a simultaneous quantitative HPLC method was used for determination of the content of ephedrine，pseudo-ephedrine and amygdalin in different compatibility of ephedra-almond drugs.Results The regression equation of ephedrine was y=212.36x+0.6658，R2=0.9995；the regression equation of pseudo-oephedrine was y=184.95x+0.7268，R2=0.9990；the regression equation of amygdalin was y=153.5x+2.4961，R2=0.9990.After compatibility of ephedra and almond，the content of ephedrine，pseudo-ephedrine and ephedrine，amygdalin and almond showed a good linear relationship with the compatibility ratio.Conclusion The method is simple，accurate and reproducible.The content of effective components of ephedra-almond drugs and dose is positive correlation，but it has no obvious correlation with compatibility proportion.

[Key words]Ephedra-almond drugs；Ephedrine；Pseudo-ephedrine；Amygdalin

麻黃辛散苦泄，有效成分主要为麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱，具有发汗、平喘、止咳、祛痰、利尿等药理作用[1-4]，临床上多用于水肿、咳喘、无汗、恶寒发热、外感风寒等症状的治疗[5-6]。杏仁味苦微温，有效成分为苦杏仁苷，主要有祛痰、止咳、平喘、润肠之功效[7-8]。两药配伍使用，麻黄宣肺气，杏仁降肺气，一宣一降，相辅相成[9]。《伤寒论》中麻黄汤、大青龙汤、麻黄杏仁甘草石膏汤、麻黄加术汤、麻黄杏仁薏苡甘草汤、厚朴麻黄汤、文蛤汤等皆为麻黄杏仁合用协同定喘[10-12]。谭晓梅等[13]研究证实了麻黄-杏仁配伍使用后确实比单用麻黄或杏仁有更好的平喘效果，同时降低苦杏仁毒性，并提出麻黄-杏仁能有效改善哮喘状态的作用机制可能与降低嗜酸性粒细胞百分数和血小板数量有关。……