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风险厌恶下合作研发的双边激励合同

2017-03-31代建生田惠文秦开大

软科学 2017年3期

代建生+田惠文+秦开大

摘要:通过构建基于纳什谈判的团队生产模型,在风险厌恶下考察合作研发的双边激励和谈判问题。分析研发组织的研发效率、风险厌恶以及产出波动等因素对线性激励合同的影响,研究表明:一方所得最优线性分享比例随自身(对方)研发效率的上升而增大(下降),隨自身(对方)风险厌恶程度的上升而减小(增大);而最优线性分享比例随研发产出方差的变化依赖于两个组织的风险厌恶程度与研发效率乘积的相对大小;最后剖析了风险厌恶、谈判能力、研发效率和产出波动等因素对激励合同及研发产出的影响机理。

关键词:合作研发;双边激励合同;风险厌恶;纳什谈判

DOI:10.13956/j.ss.1001-8409.2017.03.14

中图分类号:F273.1;F224 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1001-8409(2017)03-0063-05

Abstract: To construct a team production model on collaborative R&D in the theoretical framework of Nash bargaining solution, the paper investigates bilateral incentive and bargaining of collaborative R&D with risk aversion. It analyzes impact of efficiency of R&D,risk aversion and fluctuation of collaborative R&D output on the optimal linear sharing proportion.The optimal linear sharing ratio of one firm increases (decreases) in efficiency of R&D of its own (the other firm), and decreases (increases)in the risk aversion degree of its own (the other party). Furthermore, the changing direction of optimal linear sharing ratio, with variance of collaborative R&D output varying, depends on whether the product of one firms risk aversion coefficient and efficiency of R&D is bigger than that of the other firm. Finally, it discusses influence mechanism how the exogenous parameters, such as bargaining powers and risk preference of the R&D firms, efficiency of R&D, and stochastic factors and so on, affect the incentive contract and the output of collaborative R&D.

Key words: cooperative R&D; bilateral incentive contract; risk aversion; Nash bargaining

引言

合作研发有助于降低交易费用、减少不确定性并实现优势互补[1],通过知识共享产生溢出效应[2,3]。尽管存在这些优点,但合作研发中以研发人员为载体的知识、技能、经验等的投入难以观测和监督,易滋生道德风险[4,5]。不仅如此,合作研发中的参与双方均存在双边道德风险问题[6]。

一些学者试图借助激励机制来解决上述问题,他们探讨了合作研发的最优激励合同[7~10]。Bhattacharya等考察合作研发中的专利保护及授权许可机制,并刻画了专利许可的最优完全与不完全合同[4]。Wu等分析了制造商和供应商分别致力于核心部件和零配件研发活动下,最优线性分成契约与双方的研发投入以及产品质量的关系[11]。

上述文献假定参与一方拥有完全谈判能力。……

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