曾六福

摘要：以福建省沿海各个县（市、区）为研究单元，采用生物丰度、植被覆盖、水网密度、土地退化和环境质量5个指数对研究区的生态环境状况进行了综合评价与系统分析。结果表明，生态环境状况为优的单元主要集中分布于北段区域，生态环境状况为一般的单元集中分布于中段偏南区域，而生态环境状况为良的单元分布较广，但在中段偏北区域分布比较集中。生态环境综合指数（EI）与植被覆盖指数、生物丰度指数及环境质量指数均呈极显著正相关（P<0.01），与土地退化指数呈显著负相关（P<0.05），而与水网密度指数无显著相关性（P>0.05）；EI与指标层的相关性说明林地面积能为EI提供正能量，而城镇化和工业化带来的SO2排放量、COD排放量、工业固体废弃物和人口密度的加大为EI提供负能量。

关键词：生态环境；综合指数；评价；福建省沿海县（市）

中图分类号：X822 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2017）03-0435-06

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.03.010

Comprehensive Evaluation on the Eco-environment at Present of Counties and Cities in Fujian Coastal Areas

ZENG Liu-fu

（School of Geographic Sciences，East China Normal University/Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education，Shanghai 200241，China）

Abstract： Taking the areas near the sea of Fujian province as research units，5 indexes include biological density，vegetation coverage，water density，land deterioration and environmental quality were choose to estimate and analyze the eco-environment of the study area. The results showed that superior-environment units were mostly located in the northern region； inferior-environment units were located in the central south while averaged-environment units were widely distributed，mostly in the central north. The comprehensive environmental index（EI） was highly significantly positive correlated with vegetation coverage，biological density，and environmental quality（P<0.01），and was significantly negative correlated with land deterioration（P>0.05），but was not significantly correlated with water density（P>0.05）. The correlation between EI and the indexes showed that woods area was positive correlated with EI，while emissions of SO2 and COD，industrial waste and the increase of population，accompanied with urbanization and industrialization，was positive correlated with EI.

Key words： eco-environment；comprehensive index；evaluation；counties （cities） in Fujian coastal area

生態环境综合评价是协调地区经济开发与环境保护之间的关系，实现地区可持续发展的重要手段，它能准确反映生态环境的优劣程度和污染状况，找出当前社会环境发展过程中的主要问题，为地区生态环境保护和治理及制定地区生态环境规划等提供科学依据[1-6]。生态环境综合评价涉及众多要素，既有自然要素也有人为要素，是自然环境和人文环境之间进行能量交换与物质循环的动态平衡系统[7-11]。福建省沿海地处中国东南部，是海陆衔接的纽带，是福建省经济较发达的区域，随着经济的发展，人地矛盾日益突出，同时沿海地区经济发展与自然环境条件存在较为明显的空间差异[12，13]，通过科学评价区内不同县（市、区）的生态环境，对于指导区内生态文明建设和实施科学有效的环境保护具有重要意义。……