佟金晶

【摘要】 目的 研究并分析对直肠癌术后放疗患者实施护理干预的效果。方法 直肠癌术后放疗患者82例， 根据随机分组原则分为对照组和观察组， 每组41例。对照组患者接受常规护理， 观察组患者则联合护理干预， 将两组患者的焦虑自评量表评分、抑郁自评量表评分以及放疗不良反应发生率進行观察对比。结果 干预前观察组患者的焦虑自评量表评分、抑郁自评量表评分分别为（68.3±5.5）、（69.7±5.7）分， 干预后分别为（54.6±4.9）、（57.1±5.6）分；干预前对照组患者的焦虑自评量表评分、抑郁自评量表评分分别为（68.1±5.3）、（69.8±5.6）分， 干预后分别为（64.3±4.7）、（64.6±5.4）分。两组患者干预后的焦虑自评量表评分、抑郁自评量表评分均低于干预前， 且观察组优于对照组， 差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组患者的胃肠道反应、静脉炎、神经毒性、骨髓抑制发生率分别为9.76%、24.39%、9.76%、12.20%， 对照组分别为26.83%、58.54%、41.46%、41.46%， 观察组各项放疗不良反应发生率均低于对照组， 差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 在直肠癌术后放疗患者的护理过程中， 护理干预能够显著改善患者的负性情绪， 并降低放疗相关并发症的发生率， 有助于提高患者的生存质量， 值得推广应用。

【关键词】 直肠癌；术后放疗；护理干预；护理效果

DOI：10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2017.02.079

Evaluation of effect by nursing intervention applied for rectal cancer patients in postoperative radiotherapy TONG Jin-jing. Department of Oncology， Nanjing Gulou Hospital Group Suqian City Peoples Hospital， Suqian 223800， China

【Abstract】 Objective To research and analyze effect by nursing intervention applied for rectal cancer patients in postoperative radiotherapy. Methods A total of 82 rectal cancer patients in postoperative radiotherapy were randomly divided into control group and observation group， with 41 cases in each group. The control group received conventional nursing， and the observation group received conventional nursing combined with nursing intervention. Observation and comparison were made on self-rating anxiety scale score， self-rating depression scale score and incidence of adverse radiotherapy reactions between the two groups. Results Before intervention， the observation group had self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale scores respectively as （68.3±5.5） and （69.7±5.7） points， which were respectively （54.6±4.9） and （57.1±5.6） points after intervention. Before intervention， the control group had self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale scores respectively as （68.1±5.3） and （69.8±5.6） points， which were respectively （64.3±4.7） and （64.6±5.4） points after intervention. Both groups had lower self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale scores after intervention than those before intervention， and the observation group had better scores than the control group. Their differences all had statistical significance （P<0.05）. The observation groups had incidences of gastrointestinal reactions， phlebitis， neurotoxicity and myelosuppression as 9.76%， 24.39%， 9.76% and 12.20%， which were respectively 26.83%， 58.54%， 41.46% and 41.46% in the control group. The observation group had lower incidence of adverse radiotherapy reactions than the control group， and the difference had statistical significance （P<0.05）. Conclusion During nursing for rectal cancer patients in postoperative radiotherapy， nursing intervention can remarkably improve negative emotion， reduce incidence of adverse radiotherapy reactions， and enhance quality of life in patients. This method is worth promoting and applying.

【Key words】 Rectal cancer； Postoperative radiotherapy； Nursing intervention； Nursing effect

直肠癌属于消化道恶性肿瘤， 是在直肠与乙状结肠的交界处到齿状线间发生的癌癥， 目前临床上主要通过手术切除缓解患者的痛苦， 在术后会联合化疗以提高临床疗效、干预疾病复发率[1]。值得注意的是， 放疗治疗会给患者造成不同程度的不良反应， 并加重患者的负担， 使其存在较为严重的心理压力， 从而不利于治疗的顺利进行以及疗效的保证[2]。在本次研究中， 对直肠癌手术后放疗患者采用了护理干预， 现报告如下。

1 资料与方法

1. 1 一般资料 选取2013年5月～2016年7月在本院接受直肠癌手术治疗并术后放疗患者82例， 根据随机分组原则分为对照组和观察组， 每组41例。对照组中男25例， 女16例；……