曲延才

【摘要】 目的 研究預防和治疗脑出血患者术后并发深静脉血栓的临床方法， 总结有效的预防和治疗经验。方法 100例行手术治疗的脑出血患者， 按随机数字法分为预防组和对照组， 每组50例。预防组患者给予全面预防术后深静脉血栓发病的措施；对照组患者仅采取常规方法进行手术治疗， 不做特殊预防处理。对于出现术后深静脉血栓的患者及时采取有效治疗。观察两组患者术后深静脉血栓的发病率及治疗效果。结果 预防组术后发生6例深静脉血栓， 深静脉血栓发病率为12.0%；对照组术后发生19例深静脉血栓， 深静脉血栓发病率为38.0%， 两组患者术后深静脉血栓发病率比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）；治疗后， 预防组6例患者治疗有效， 治疗有效率为100.0%；对照组10例患者治疗有效， 9例患者治疗无效， 治疗有效率为52.6%。两组患者治疗有效率比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 早期预防能够有效降低脑出血患者术后深静脉血栓的发病率， 且治疗效果较明显。

【关键词】 脑出血；术后深静脉血栓；预防；治疗

DOI：10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2017.02.057

Prevention and treatment of postoperative deep venous thrombosis in cerebral hemorrhage patients QU Yan-cai. Department of Neurosurgery， Shandong Yantai City Mouping District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine， Yantai 264100， China

【Abstract】 Objective To research clinical method in prevention and treatment of postoperative complicated deep venous thrombosis in cerebral hemorrhage patients. Methods A total of 100 cerebral hemorrhage patients in operation treatment were divided by random number table into prevention group and control group， with 50 cases in each group. The prevention group received full prevention measures of postoperative deep venous thrombosis， and the control group received only conventional surgical therapy measure without special treatment. Timely and effective treatment was provided to patients with postoperative deep venous thrombosis. Observation was made on morbidity of postoperative deep venous thrombosis and curative effect between the two groups. Results The prevention group had 6 cases with postoperative deep venous thrombosis， with morbidity of postoperative deep venous thrombosis as 12.0%. There were 19 cases with postoperative deep venous thrombosis， with morbidity of postoperative deep venous thrombosis as 38.0%. The difference of morbidity of postoperative deep venous thrombosis had statistical significance between the two groups （P<0.01）. After treatment， there were 6 effective cases in the prevention group， with effective rate as 100.00%. The control group had 10 effective cases and 9 ineffective cases， with effective rate as 52.6%. The difference of effective rate had statistical significance between the two groups （P<0.05）. Conclusion Early prevention can effectively reduce morbidity of postoperative deep venous thrombosis in cerebral hemorrhage patients， along with remarkable curative effect.

【Key words】 Cerebral hemorrhage； Postoperative deep venous thrombosis； Prevention； Treatment

脑出血是指原发性非外伤性的脑实质出血， 发病占全部脑卒中的10%～30%， 一般多发于>50岁的患者[1， 2]。脑出血最常见的病因是高血压和脑动脉粥样硬化， 致死率极高， 急性期病死率可高达30%～40%， 其主要致死原因有脑水肿、颅内压增高和脑疝形成[3-5]。脑出血应及时接受治疗， 缓解病情， 临床以手术治疗多见， 但大多数患者由于各方面因素面临术后并发深静脉血栓的危险， 严重影响患者康复。本次课题主要研究临床预防和治疗脑出血术后深静脉血栓的有效措施。现报告如下。

1 资料与方法

1. 1 一般资料 选取2015年10月～2016年11月在本院进行手术治疗的脑出血患者100例， 按随机数字法分为预防组和对照组， 每组50例。预防组患者中男27例， 女23例；年……