血液净化治疗的重症患者血流感染的发生率和其菌群分布以及耐药性分析
2017-02-28莫俊德林萍张日霖
莫俊德+林萍+张日霖

【摘要】 目的:探讨血液净化治疗的重症患者血流感染的发生率,同时了解其血流感染的病原学分布情况以及耐药性特点,为临床合理用药提供参考依据。方法:选取2014年8月-2016年7月本院内科ICU行血液净化治疗的患者218例,对明确新发血流感染患者的致感染因素进行分析,同时分析其病原菌分布情况及耐药性特点。结果:218例患者发生新发血流感染者35例,占比16.06%,第二观察年限内发生率较第一观察年限有明显下降(P<0.05)。第一年观察年限分离出的致病菌构成以真菌及G-杆菌为主,第二观察年限分离出的致病菌构成以G+球菌及真菌为主。第一观察年限耐药率为38.10%(8/21),第二观察年限耐药率为57.14%(8/14)。结论:血液净化治疗的重症患者血流感染的发生率较高,病情病原菌中真菌属、G-杆菌、G+球菌分别为34.3%、31.4%、34.3%,G-杆菌耐药情况较为严重,而耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌有增多趋势,抗菌药物选择应同时兼顾G-菌和G+菌。
【关键词】 血流感染; 血液净化治疗; 菌群分布; 耐药性
【Abstract】 Objective:To investigate the incidence of bloodstream infection in patients with severe blood purification treatment,and to understand the pathogenic distribution and drug resistance characteristics of blood flow infection,so as to provide reference for clinical rational drug use.Method:A total of 218 patients blood in our hospital ICU were selected from August 2014 to July 2016,the clear new cases caused by infection factors analysis of bloodstream infection,the pathogen distribution and drug resistance were analyzed.Result:The incidence of new bloodstream infection in 218 patients was 35 cases,accounting for 16.06%,the incidence of the second observation period was significantly lower than the first observation period(P<0.05).The pathogenic bacteria isolated from the first observation period were mainly fungi and G- bacilli,the pathogenic bacteria isolated from the second observation period were mainly G+ cocci and fungi.The first observation period resistance rate was 38.10%(8/21),the second observation period resistance rate was 57.14%(8/14).Conclusion:The blood purification treatment of severe blood flow in patients with a higher incidence of infection,fungi,Bacillus G- and G+ strains were respectively 34.3%,31.4% and 34.3% in the condition of pathogenic bacteria,G- bacteria drug resistance is serious,and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is increasing,the selection of antimicrobial agents should take into account both the G- and G+ strains.
【Key words】 Bloodstream infection; Blood purification therapy; Bacterial distribution; Drug resistance
First-authors address:Central Peoples Hospital of Zhanjiang,Zhanjiang 524037,China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2016.36.032
筆者通过回顾性分析2014年8月-2016年7月本院内科ICU行血液净化治疗的患者,分析其血流感染发生率及其与血液净化治疗的相关性,分析其血流感染的病原学分布情况以及耐药性特点,为临床合理用药提供参考依据,现报告如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 选取2014年8月-2016年7月本院内科ICU行血液净化治疗的患者218例,其中
2014年8月-2015年7月(第一观察年限)102例,2015年8月-2016年7月(第二观察年限)116例,均放置中心静脉导管,平均置管时间(11.0±4.7)d。endprint
送检全血标本共436例次,分离出阳性菌35株。第一观察年限和第二观察年限患者的年龄、性别、主要病情等一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 相关标准 医院感染的血流感染(blood stream infection,BSI)定义为入院48 h后抽血进行血培养,结果呈阳性。BSI包括败血症和菌血症,是指由细菌、真菌等病原微生物入侵血流所致的全身性炎症反应综合征,血培养可获阳性结果。此研究分析的病例均符合以上院内血流感染诊断标准,同时满足以下条件:(1)行血液净化治疗;(……
