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面向顾客损失厌恶的不同竞争结构下供应链决策行为研究

2017-02-07舒斯亮柳键

软科学 2016年12期

舒斯亮++柳键

摘要:在考虑顾客损失厌恶的基础上,探讨了集中决策、Nash均衡博弈及Stackelberg博弈三种不同竞争结构下供应链的最优决策问题,并对其进行了比较分析。结果表明,随着顾客损失厌恶程度的增加,Nash均衡博弈及Stackelberg博弈两种情形下的批发价格及销售价格有所下降,集中决策情形下的销售价格也有所下降,并从绩效变化来看,顾客损失厌恶行为的存在将给生产商、零售商及供应链整体带来不利的影响,且在不同的竞争结构下,其受到不利影响程度会有所不同。

关键词:供应链;顾客损失厌恶;竞争结构;决策行为

DOI:10.13956/j.ss.1001-8409.2016.12.30

中图分类号:F274;F224 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1001-8409(2016)12-0140-05

Supply Chain Decisionmaking Behavior under Different

Competitive Structures Facing Customer Loss Aversion

SHU Siliang1, LIU Jian2

(1.School of Business, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330038;

2.School of Information Technology, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang 330032)

Abstract: Considering the customer loss aversion, this paper studies and comparatively analyzes the optimal decision problem under the three different competitive structures of centralized decision, Nash equilibrium game and Stackelberg game. Results show that, with the degree of customer loss aversion increasing, the wholesale price and the selling price will decline under the two cases of Nash equilibrium and Stackelberg game, the selling price will also decline under the case of centralized decision. From the changes of performance, the existence of customer loss aversion has a negative impact on manufacturer, retailer and supply chain, and under the different competitive structures, the degree of the negative impact will be different.

Key words: supply chain; customer loss aversion; competitive structure; decisionmaking behavior

1引言

损失厌恶理论最早由Kahnman和Tversky在前景理论中提出,目前已被广泛应用到生产、供给、消费、投资等多个领域,它是指人们在面对同等量的收益和损失时,损失令他们更加难以忍受[1]。近年来,学者们在研究供应链的决策过程中也考虑损失厌恶的影响,且从研究结果来看,损失厌恶行为的存在不仅会影响到供应链成员企业的决策行为,而且将给供应链成员企业经营带来不利[2-4]。从目前研究来看,主要是针对企业损失厌恶行为,然而,对于顾客而言,也同样存在损失厌恶行为,比如,顾客在购买产品时,一般愿意选择老品牌产品,不愿意选择新产品,其主要原因是顾客对老品牌产品质量比较熟悉,而对新产品的质量不太熟悉,害怕新产品的质量问题给其带来损失。所以,深入分析顾客损失厌恶行为对供应链决策的影响具有十分重要的意义。……

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