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网络交易定价机制选择的影响因素研究

2017-02-07韩雍陈恭平

软科学 2016年12期

韩雍陈恭平

摘要:基于eBay网站二手汽车交易的数据,实证检验了买方估值分布、卖家时间偏好率、商品存货量、卖家交易经验以及卖家声誉等因素对卖家定价机制选择的影响。结果表明,买方对商品估值分布越分散,卖家越倾向于选择纯拍卖机制;时间偏好率越小的卖家越倾向于选择讨价还价机制;商品存货量越多的卖家越倾向于采用固定价格机制;交易经验丰富的卖家倾向于选择固定价格或一口价拍卖机制;声誉较高的卖家则倾向于选择固定价格或讨价还价机制。卖家对四种定价机制的偏好次序会因影响因素程度而异,并无哪种网络交易定价机制完全占优。

关键词:网络交易;定价机制;商品特征;卖家特征;市场特征

DOI:10.13956/j.ss.1001-8409.2016.12.28

中图分类号:F71353 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1001-8409(2016)12-0131-04

Research on the Influence Factors of Pricing Mechanism Choice in Online Transaction

——Evidence from SecondHand Cars on eBay

HAN Yong1, CHEN Kongpin2

(1.Jinhe Center for Economic Research, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710049;

2.Humanities and Social Science Research Center, Academia Sinica in Taiwan,Taiwan,China 11529)

Abstract: Based on transaction data of secondhand cars on eBay, this paper empirically investigates the effect of buyers value distribution, sellers time preference rate, inventory, experience and reputation, on the sellers pricing mechanism choice. Results show that, the more dispersed the buyers value distribution is, the more the sellers prefer pure auction, sellers with greater time preference rate prefer bargaining, sellers with more inventories prefer fixed price, experienced sellers tend to choose fixed price or price auction; high reputation sellers tend to choose fixed price mechanism. Sellers preference order depends on the effect of factors and none of pricing mechanisms completely dominants the others.

Key words:online transaction; pricing mechanism; commodity characteristics; sellers characteristic; markets characteristics

随着互联网经济快速发展,网络交易定价机制不断丰富完善,目前国际上已经形成四种主要的网络定价机制:固定价格、纯拍卖、一口价拍卖和讨价还价。美国eBay网站于1995年最早将传统上升竞价拍卖应用于网络交易环境,形成纯拍卖机制;几乎同时,Amazon网站将商品以固定价格的形式出售,开启了固定价格机制的先河。随着网络交易规模扩张,各大网站创新交易形式,通过在纯拍卖机制下加入固定一口价设定形成一口价拍卖机制,这种机制下,买家既可以通过竞价的方式购买商品,也可以通过卖家设定的一口价直接购买商品;通过在固定价格之外加入允许买家议价的选项形成讨价还价机制,买家可以选择直接以固定价格成交,也可以向卖家提出低于固定价格的议价,卖家可以选择接受或拒绝买家的议价,或在议价基础上再向买家提出加价。……

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