基于两阶段价格博弈的双边平台两部收费研究
2017-02-07邹佳郭立宏
邹佳++郭立宏



摘要:通过两阶段价格博弈模型和约束最优化方法,对双边平台的两部收费进行研究,得出Hotelling竞争市场中平台的均衡价格和利润,并与两种非两部收费的利润进行了比较。研究表明:当Hotelling竞争市场中的平台对两种价格的竞争博弈分两阶段各自单独进行时,两部收费带来的均衡利润是唯一的,而且此时两部收费的利润一定高于只一次性收取固定的费用时的利润,但有可能高于也有可能低于只对每笔交易收费时的利润;当平台在市场的一边具有排他性而在另一边不能排他时,价格会倾向于优惠不能排他的那一边的用户。
关键词:Hotelling模型;两部收费;两阶段价格博弈;多归属;约束最优化
DOI:10.13956/j.ss.1001-8409.2016.12.25
中图分类号:F0143; F0314文献标识码:A 文章编号:1001-8409(2016)12-0115-05
Twopart Tariff of Twosided Platforms Based on Twostage Pricing Games
ZOU Jia1, GUO Lihong2
(1.School of Economics and Management, Xian University of Technology, Xian 710054;
2. School of Economics and Management, Northwest University, Xian 710127)
Abstract: This paper studies on the twopart tariff in twosided market based on twostages pricing games models and constrained optimization method, and finds out that the equilibrium prices and profits and compares the profits with that of the two kinds of onepart tariff. Results show that, the equilibrium profits of twopart tariff are unique and higher than that of pure lumpsum fees and higher or lower than that of the pure pertransaction fees if the competition games of the two kinds of prices are individually played by two stages in Hotelling competition market. The platforms prefers to provide the users in nonexclusive side with privilege of prices when platforms are excludability in one side and nonexcludability in the other side.
Key words: Hotelling model; twopart tariff; twostage pricing games; multihoming; constrained optimization
在双边市场中,注册费(Subscription Fee)指平台对用户的使用资格而一次性收取的一笔固定的费用,交易费(Per-transaction Fee)指对用户通过平台进行的每一笔交易所收取的费用①,如果平台对用户既收取注册费又收取交易费,那么就称平台两部收费(Two-part Tariff)[1,2]。两部收费是双边平台常用的一种价格模式[3,4],例如电子商务平台和信用卡平台既收取年费又对每笔交易收费,移动通信平台既收取月租费又对每次通话收费等等。
本文对平台在竞争性市场的两部收费最优价格策略进行了分析,并将两部收费的利润与纯粹注册费和纯粹交易费时的利润分别进行了比较。本文在标准双边市场Hotelling竞争模型[1,5]的框架下,将平台的价格竞争区分为交易费博弈和注册费博弈两个阶段,分别建立了带有约束条件的最优化模型,并使用Kuhn-Tucker条件求解均衡。……
