费威++马跃

摘要：考虑回收行为对食品需求的正向影响效应，针对食品制造商和零售商分别负责回收食品情况下的相关决策问题，建立制造商与零售商各自负责回收下斯坦科尔伯格博弈模型，分析各种情况下的批发价格、零售价格和回收比例等相关决策及其影响因素。研究结果表明：主导优势主体负责回收食品将更有利，并且高回收补贴对应高需求刺激效应，低回收补贴对应低需求刺激效应，需求价格敏感性对食品回收行为具有一定的挤出效应等。据此，为我国食品回收处理环节的良性发展提供了相应的政策启示。

关键词：食品回收；制造商；零售商；回收需求效应

DOI：10.13956/j.ss.1001-8409.2016.12.26

中图分类号：F713；F2249 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1001-8409（2016）12-0120-07

Relative Decisions of Food Manufacturer and Food Retailer with the Effect of Recovery for Demand

FEI Wei， MA Yue

（School of Economics， Dongbei University of Finance and Economics， Dalian 116025）

Abstract： Considering the positive effect of the recovery behavior for the food demand， for the relative decision problems in the situations which include that the food manufacturer is charge of the food recovery and the food retailer is charge of the food recovery， this paper builds up the stackelberg games models in the situations of the manufacturer as the recovery principal and the retailer as the recovery principal， and analyzes the wholesale price， the retail price and the recovery rate and the other relative decisions and their influence factors. Results show that it is more advantageous that the principal part with the leading advantage is charge of the food recovery， and the high recovery subsidy makes the high demand stimulatory effect， and the low recovery subsidy makes the low demand stimulatory effect， and the demand price sensibility has the crowdingout effect for the behavior of the food recovery and so on. Thereby， the corresponding policy implication for the benign development in the link of the food recovery and processing is provided.

Key words： food recovery； manufacturer； retailer； the effect of recovery for demand

近年来，过期、变质食品回流市场，“地沟油”事件等频繁发生。这表明食品回收处理较之于一般食品供应链的生产、流通和消费等主要环节易被忽视和轻视[1]。并且相比于废弃电子产品等其他废弃产品，废弃食品的回收处理普遍被等同于一般垃圾进行处置，由此造成严重的食品安全隐患、环境污染以及资源浪费问题。对于食品回收环节存在问题食品被直接再次销售或者经过处理后以生产原料等形式被再造销售等普遍现象，如若不加以重视，其后果不堪设想。

现有相关回收食品的专门研究相对较少，更多是对一般废弃产品的回收利用研究。其中以废弃电子产品生产者延伸责任制（EPR）等分析为主。谢家平和陈荣秋[2]、Georgiadis和Vlachos[3]、Mashayekhi[4]从成本收益等激励对策角度，对废弃产品造成的环境污染、相应的政府治理成本和回收再造实现的经济利益进行分析；……