张成进

摘要：现代汉语中，介词“依据”用于介引动作行为的根据。它来源于汉代的同形动词短语“依据”。魏晋南北朝时期，动词短语“依据”在认知隐喻机制促动下因高频连用由并列式动词短语词汇化为同形的依靠义动词。动词“依据”形成后，经常用于“V1+N1+V2+N2”句法环境中的V1位置，至隋唐五代时期，处于该句法环境中的“依据”最终完成向介词的虚化，“V1（依据）+N1”由独立作谓语被重新分析为作状语，介词“依据”形成。“依据”在汉语史上的发展演变路径可以概括为“动词短语→动词→介词”。

关键词：“依据”；词汇化；语法化；连动结构

中图分类号：H031

文献标识码：A文章编号：

16721101（2016）06008106

Abstract：In modern Chinese，“Yiju” as a proposition signifies the basis of action and behavior. It derived from the homographic verbal phrase “Yiju” in Han dynasty. In the Wei， Jin， and Southern and Northern Dynasties， the verbal phrase “Yiju” influenced by the cognitive metaphor mechanism changed from a coordinative verbal phrase to a homographic verb signifying “based on”. Then the verb “Yiju” was often used in the “N1 + V1 + V2 + N2” syntactic structure and often took the V1 position. By the Sui and Tang Dynasties and the Five Dynasties， the conversion to proposition of “Yiju” in the “N1 + V1 + V2 + N2” syntactic structure was completed. “V1（Yiju）+N1” which had independently functioned as predicate was regarded as adverbial phrase and the propositional “Yiju” took shape. The path of evolution in the history of the Chinese language can be summarized as “verb phrase → verb →preposition.”

Key words：Yiju； lexicalization； grammaticalization； serial verb construction

现代汉语中“依据”一词有动词、名词、介词三种常见用法。《现代汉语规范词典（第2版）》对“依据”的这三种用法分别解释如下：作动词时表示“以某种事物或理论作为根据”；作名词时表示“依照的根据”；作介词时表示“引进动作行为的根据”[1]1 551。《现代汉语词典（第6版）》也收录了“依据”的这三种用法[2]1 532。一些现代汉语虚词词典，除了朱景松《现代汉语虚词词典》收录了“依据”并将其解释为“根据，按照；引进行事的凭据”[3]之外，其它的一些常用的现代汉语虚词词典，诸如吕叔湘《现代汉语八百词（增订本）》（1999）、张斌《现代汉语虚词词典》（2001）、侯学超《现代汉语虚词词典》（1998）、北大中文系1955、1957级语言班《现代汉语虚词例释》（1982）均没有收录介词“依据”。一些常用的古代汉语虚词词典也没有收释介词“依据”，诸如中国社科院语言研究所《古代汉语虚词词典》（1999）、何乐士《古代汉语虚词词典》（2006）。……