杨 静

（兴义民族师范学院， 贵州 兴义 562400）

民族地区青少年母亲养育方式的结构及特征研究

杨 静

（兴义民族师范学院， 贵州 兴义 562400）

采用整群抽样的方法在中小学抽取2375名中小学生，利用问卷对其进行测试。以探索及验证民族地区青少年母亲养育方式的结构及发展特点。结果按照结构方程模型、层面理论和最小空间法，青少年母亲养育方式问卷包括五个因子：情感温暖理解、过分干涉保护、惩罚严厉、拒绝否认和偏爱被试。问卷的内部一致性系数为0.847，五个因子的累积方差贡献率为42.611%。母亲较多偏爱被试的养育方式，同时积极和消极养育方式并存。青少年母亲养育方式部分因子在年级、学习成绩、性别、民族、排行、家庭所在地、家庭经济、父母亲文化和毕业打算方面均出现了显著差异。青少年母亲养育方式问卷具有较高的信度和效度，青少年母亲养育方式在人口学变量方面有不同的特点。

青少年；母亲养育方式；结构特点

Abstract:The structure and characteristics research about adolescent mother's parenting style in ethnic minority areas were to explored and verified.The cluster sampling method was used to investigate 2375 adolescent from primary and secondary schools.According to structure equation model,facet theory and the smallest space method,adolescent mother's parenting style questionnaire was composed by five factors which included emotional warmth understanding,excessive interference protection,punish severely,deny and preference.Internal consistency coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.847,the four factors explained 42.611%of the total variance.Mothers used preference parenting style more,positive and negative parenting styles coexisted at the same time.On grade,academic record,gender,nation,ranking,family locating,family economic,father mather education background and graduation intention,significant difference appeared in adolescent mather's parenting style.Adolescent mother's parenting style questionnaire has high reliabilityand validityand adolescent mother's parentingstyle has different characteristics in terms ofdemographic variables.

Key words:adolescent;mother's parentingstyle;structure characteristic

一、问题提出

母亲养育方式是指母亲在养育子女过程中稳定的态度和行为方式。母亲的养育方式影响青少年自我概念[1]，应对方式[2]，是青少年的心理健康[3]和人格倾向[4]等的重要影响因素。积极的母亲养育方式会促进青少年自我意识的完善成熟，对自我有理性的认知，保持良好的心态，有利于健全人格的塑造。而消极的母亲养育方式降低青少年的自尊心，对自我有消极的定义，容易产生心理问题和自杀意念[5]，继而影响人格的健全性。……