郑新华 李娟 袁跃彬 张跃民

[摘要] 目的 全面了解維和官兵脊柱脊髓损伤的现场急救技能并予以提高。 方法 参考美国、英国红十字会网站普通民众脊柱脊髓损伤测试题及国内文献资料相关测试题，于2015年6月对当年中国第二批苏丹维和步兵营700名官兵进行现况调查和考核。随后通过多媒体教学、急救专家现场演示等进行干预，并于2015年12月重复调查和考核，比较干预前后成绩差异。 结果 干预前维和官兵脊柱脊髓损伤急救技能缺乏，干预后官兵的脊柱脊髓损伤急救技能显著提高（P < 0.01）。干预前军龄、文化程度、人员类别以及兵源对考核成绩均无影响（P > 0.05）；干预后大专及以上学历者理论成绩高于高中学历者（P < 0.05），干部理论成绩高于战士（P < 0.05）。 结论 维和官兵脊柱脊髓损伤急救技能与实际要求存在较大差距，提高维和官兵脊柱脊髓损伤急救技能有重要的现实意义。

[关键词] 脊柱脊髓损伤；维和官兵；急救；现况调查；干预研究

[中图分类号] R826.1 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210（2016）02（c）-0069-04

Cognitive investigation and intervention of first aid skills of spinal cord injury in peacekeeping officers and soldiers

ZHENG Xinhua1 LI Juan2 YUAN Yuebin3▲ ZHANG Yuemin4

1.Basic Medical Teaching and Research Section， Medical School of Pingdingshan University， He'nan Province， Pingdingshan 467000， China； 2.Nursing Teaching and Research Section， Medical School of Pingdingshan University， He'nan Province， Pingdingshan 467000， China； 3.Department of Infection， the 152nd Central Hospital of PLA， He'nan Province， Pingdingshan 467000， China； 4.The 76224 Military Hospital of PLA， He'nan Province， Xuchang 461000， China

[Abstract] Objective To survey and promote the first aid skills of spinal cord injury in peacekeeping officers and soldiers. Methods Referring to the tests of spinal cord injury from website of American Red Cross， British Red Cross， and domestic documents， 700 peacekeeping officers and soldiers who belonged to the infantry battalion of Sudan in 2015 were surveyed and examined in June 2015. Then， they were taught how to treated spinal cord injury through multimedia and demonstrating. 6 months later， they were examined again in December 2015. The scores before and after investigation were compared. Results Before intervention， first aid skills of spinal cord injury in peacekeeping officers and soldiers were lack； after intervention， all their scores of first aid skills of spinal cord injury were significantly improved （P < 0.01）. Before intervention， years in army， education degree， duties， and origin had no effects on the scores （P > 0.05）； after intervention， the theoretical scores of people with college degree or above and cadres were higher than those of peoples with high school education and soldiers， with statistically significant differences （P < 0.05）. Conclusion The first aid skills of spinal cord injury in peacekeeping officers and soldiers have big gaps with real needs， improve their first aid skills of spinal cord injury has important and practical significance.

[Key words] Spinal cord injury； Peacekeeping officers and soldiers； First aid； Prevalence study； Intervention study

目前，中国是联合国安理会常任理事国中派出维和人员最多的国家。维和行动是在准战争条件下开展的军事行动，自然条件恶劣，随时面临着武装冲突和各种危险[1-2]。美军伊拉克驻军期间伤亡人数远远超过正面战场伤亡人数，其中脊柱脊髓损伤发生率为10.8%，主要原因为遭遇汽车炸弹袭击[3]。国内外专家一致认同，及时正确的院前急救措施某种程度上决定了伤员的最终预后，其次才是外科手术[4-7]。Ball[8]报道在脊髓损傷中有25%的伤员是由于脊柱骨折后院前途中搬运不当增加的。吴占勇等[9]指出有39%的脊髓损伤伤员由于搬运不当使原有损伤加重。美军最新士兵《战术作战伤员救护技能表》中把脊柱脊髓损伤搬运作为核心技术之一[10-11]。……