王俏 黄少兰 李静

[摘要] 弱视是目前小儿眼科常见的眼病之一，严重损害儿童视力发育，因此对弱视儿童早期诊治和护理非常重要。本文从弱视的定义、发病规律、治疗方法及护理干预的措施等进行了综述，依据其发病的规律，主张儿童弱视西医治疗主要是屈光矫正、遮盖疗法、增视训练等，中医治疗采取辨证论治和针灸、梅花针、灸法、耳穴压豆等综合手段，在护理干预方面主要是健康教育干预、康复护理干预、心理护理干预等，提出通过早发现、早诊断、早治疗和健康教育的规范化，提高患儿治疗的依从性，提高治疗效果。

[关键词] 儿童；弱视；中西医结合；治疗；护理

[中图分类号] R777.44 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210（2016）02（c）-0062-04

New developments of combined treatment of Chinese and Western medicine and nursing interventions for amblyopia in children

WANG Qiao HUANG Shaolan▲ LI Jing

Ophthalmology Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences， Beijing 100040， China

[Abstract] Amblyopia is one of the common eye diseases in pediatric ophthalmology currently， which damages children visual development seriously， thus， early treatment and nursing care towards amblyopic children are very important. This paper reviews the definition， incidence regularity， treatment methods and nursing intervention of amblyopia. Based on the incidence regularity， it is advocated that， western medicine treatments of amblyopia mainly consists of refractive correction， occlusion therapy and vision training， and so on； traditional Chinese medicine adopts therapies of syndrome differentiation and comprehensive means by acupuncture， plum-blossom needle， moxibustion， and ear pressure beans. The nursing interventions mainly include health education intervention， rehabilitation nursing intervention， psychological nursing intervention， and so on. Early detection， diagnosis and treatment， standardization of health education are proposed to increase therapeutic compliance and treatment effectiveness.

[Key words] Children； Amblyopia； Chinese and Western medicine； Treatment； Nursing

弱視是由于儿童在发育关键期或敏感期因斜视、屈光参差、屈光不正及形象剥夺等因素引起的单眼或双眼矫正视力低于0.9，且不能矫正者，或双眼视力相差两行或以上[1]。弱视属于儿童发育性疾病，它不仅使患儿视力低下，更重要的是没有双眼单视功能，造成无立体视，直接影响患儿的生活质量[2]。在婴幼儿期给予适当的治疗，可以获得较好的功能恢复，否则失去治疗时机，造成终身低视力，因此对弱视患儿的早期诊治和护理非常重要，现综述如下：

1 定义

对于弱视的定义国内外的表达不尽相同。Von Noorden[3]认为弱视由于视觉剥夺和/或各种因素致双眼异常的交互作用引起单眼或双眼的视力下降；而经眼科检查没有发现器质性病变，通过适当的治疗能够好转。……