建筑设计：畅想建筑设计事务所

Architects: Imagine Architects

松风翠茶籽油工厂，婺源，江西，中国

Song Feng Cui Tea-seed Oil Plant， Wuyuan， Jiangxi， China， 2014

建筑设计：畅想建筑设计事务所

Architects: Imagine Architects

背景与题解

松风翠有机农业发展有限公司位于婺源县江湾镇中平村。婺源为古徽州六县之一。作为生态扶贫互助项目，公司采用“订单+农户”模式；原材料收购自周围深山数个小村庄，既帮助农户脱贫，又形成山林循环经济。项目存在双重限定：（1）厂内限定，即它必须满足生产工艺要求； （2）场外限定，建筑必须对所处场地的自然环境和历史人文环境做出善意的回应。

问题与对策

基地是沿河展开的一个狭长形，受工艺流程和地形的双重限制，厂房也只能是一个长条形。在不影响工艺流程和满足设备净高的前提下，我们把约长160m，宽13m的厂房折成一个类“Z”字型。屋顶采用对角线式双坡顶，最高处10m，最低处5m，以降低建筑体量对环境的压迫感。

结构与材料

建筑材料以旧青砖、旧瓦、旧门板为主。旧砖主要有三大作用即墙体自承重、空间围护和保温隔热。旧门板主要用在天棚吊顶、夹层墙身处。旧瓦主要功能是保温隔热而非防水，同时也是新老建筑间的视觉联系。

色彩与视觉

除生产工艺要求以外，内外主墙面均为清水砖墙，木板均为原色。大部分旧砖与门板均留有时间积淀形成的表面痕迹，个别门板上的门神或祥瑞还依然可见，殊为难得，整个建筑内外呈现出丰富的细部质感。建筑檐口均为斜面，砖墙檐口封顶时采用和墙身相同砌法，顺势作锯齿状退台处理的同时也取得了另类视觉效果，我们称之“像素檐口”。

生态与环保

旧建材本身很便宜，但收集处理翻新需要耗费不菲的人工。因此使用旧建材造价不比新建材合算，但就整个系统的自然生态价值，社会人文价值而言是合理的。目前只能靠业主和设计者的自觉，而这是不可推广和不可持续的，必须有国家和地方法规政策税收等的支持。

1　菜籽油厂入口/Entrance to the oil plant2　工厂西侧外景/West-side view of the plant3　总平面/Site plan4　油厂内的展示厅/Exhibition hall in the oil plant5　雅舍内景/Interior view of cottage

Background and Analysis

Song Feng Cui Organic Agriculture Development Co.， Ltd. is located in Zhongping Village， Jiangwan Town， Wuyuan County. Wuyuan is one of the six ancient Huizhou Counties. As an eco-poverty assistance projects， the plant is using an "order + farmer" mode； the materials of teaseed oil plant comes from several villages around mountains， not far away from the plant. By doing this， we are not only helping these villages out of poverty but also creating a circular economy around these mountains. There are dual restrictions in this project. One is the limitation of plant interior spaces. It must meet the requirements of the production process. The other one is the outside environment. The building should make a positive response to the natural environment and historical humanity environment where it is located.

Problems and Solutions

Our site is a long and narrow plot， expanding along the river. Because of the dual restrictions from production process and the terrain， the plant building can only be a strip form. In order to reduce the pressure to the environment from the building size， the 160m long， 13m wide building is folded into a "Z" shape. And the roof top is using a diagonal double crest style； the height of the roof top comes from 10m to 5m.

Structures and Materials

Building materials are mainly old bricks， old tiles and old door sheets. Bricks are used in three major ways， self-supporting， space-retaining and insulation. Door sheets are mainly used as ceilings and mezzanine malls. Tiles are used for insulation

项目信息/Credits and Data

客户/Client: 松风翠有机农业发展有限公司/Song Feng Cui Organic Agriculture Development Co.， Ltd.

设计团队/Design Team: 罗四维，卢珊，周伟，张俊，杨燕/LUO Siwei， LU Shan， ZHOU Wei， ZHANG Jun， YANG Yan

建设单位/Construction Team: 徽.印象古建筑公司/Hui. Impression Ancient Building Company

建筑用途/Building's Purpose: 食用油厂/Cooking oil plant

建筑面积/Floor Area:

茶油厂/Tea-seed oil plant: 3018m2，廊桥/Covered bridge: 195m2，雅舍/Cottage: 866m2

砖材类型/Brick Type: 再利用旧砖/Re-used old brick

设计时间/Design Period: 2012.03 – 2013.03

建造周期/Construction Period: 2013.03 – 2014.12

摄影/Photos: 曾江河/ZENG Jiangheinstead of water proofing， which is also the visual link between the old and new buildings.

Color and Visual

The bricks and wood sheets used for both outside and inside walls are without any paints. Except for some place that under the requirement of production requirement， we apply the white wall. Most of the old bricksand wood sheets are keeping the surface traces which were formed by time that present a wealth of detail to the whole building. Building cornices are beveled. The cornices ceiling is using the same method with the building walls. And the end of cornices which we called "pixel cornice." is using jagged back channel processing. It presents an alternative visual effect to the public.

Ecology and Environmental Protection

The price of the old building material we used is cheap， but it costs a lot of money in collection and refurbishing. Therefore it is not cheaper than using new materials， but it is worth to do it after thinking about the ecological and the comprehensive social value. Currently in China， we could only use it by the owners and designers' consciousness. However，it is hard to promotion and sustainable only by the consciousness. We still need the supports from government or local regulations and policies.

6　鸟瞰廊桥与工厂/Aerial view of the covered bridge and the oil plant7　廊桥的东、西立面和剖面/East elevation， west elevations and section， the covered bridge8　油厂内的走廊/Corridor inside the oil plant9　雅舍内的走廊/Corridor inside the cottage10　雅舍外景/Exterior view of the cottage

评论

范路：位于婺源中平村的松风翠茶籽油工厂，也可看作是当地的一个展示中心。在长条形的建筑体量中，生产流程顺畅展开。参观走廊平行于工艺流程，并连接到成品展示区，这让茶籽油生产全过程成为最鲜活的产业展示。同时，参观走廊还是一个欣赏四周乡村美景的游廊，并让建筑西立面获得了自由的开窗方式。在建构层面，厂房以钢筋混凝土为框架结构，以旧砖瓦、旧门板为填充和饰面。这就以现代的空间和建造逻辑，展示了传统建材的丰富质感。从外部看来，厂房的“Z”字型和双坡顶形体处理，顺应了场地四周的山形水势。而厂房连同廊桥和雅舍的整体设计，进一步强化了对乡村环境的展示。

青锋：起伏的体量将山势延伸到河边，鲜黄的油菜花与旧砖斑驳的灰色形成强烈的反差，这是这个建筑给人印象最深刻的地方。使用当地材料与建筑原型是成熟的地域主义手段，但这个项目的独特之处在于建筑师将这些“文化”手段用在了工厂的设计里。这让人想起20世纪初期，当工业建筑还是现代建筑最重要的实验场所的时代，砖曾经是帕尔齐希与门德尔松最有力的表现材料。但是在那以后，工业建筑逐渐流入技术专家与标准化厂房设计的控制中，生产变成一个冰冷、无趣的概念。松风翠的建筑师提醒我们，即使在这样一个长期被忽视的领域，一个热情的建筑师能够带来多么显著的改变。就像建筑师所呼吁的，我们需要将这个讯息传达给所有人。

Comments

FAN Lu: Located in Wuyuan， Jiangxi Province， the Song Feng Cui tee-seed oil plant could also be viewed as a local exhibition center. A long corridor fits in the strip form of the plant building that serves as a gallery. Visitors that walk into the building can have a complete view of the production process on one side and have a moving image of rural landscape on the other side. It also provides an independent window order in west facade. In tectonic design， the reinforced concrete framework is cladded with old bricks and tiles and wooden door sheets， which presents the richness of traditional materials in modern space. From the outside， the Z-shaped building with double crest roof style responds to the surround environment very well. In addition， the overall design for the plant， the lounge bridge and the hotel promotes the exhibit of the rural environment further.

QING Feng: This undulating building gives the impression of being an extension of the mountain behind it， reaching out towards the riverside， while the gray color of the mottled， ancient-looking bricks of the building stand in sharp contrast to the bright yellow color of Canola flowers. This has been considered as the most impressive feature of this structure. The usage of local materials and employment of regional architecture archetype can be regarded as a mature，regionalist architectural method. As a unique example of this case， the architect employs these "culturalized" methods into the design of a plant. It recalls the beginning of the 20th century， a period where industrial architecture was the most important outlet for developingmodern architecture. At the time，bricks were a powerful and expressive material for those such as Hans Poelzig and Fredrick Mendelssohn. However， over the past several decades， industrial architecture has gradually come under the influence of technicians， and standardized plant designs has become common. Production turned into a cold and boring concept. The architect of Song Feng Cui has reminded us that the work of a passionate architect，even located in a long-neglected area， can bring about significant change. This is a message which should be conveyed to all.