建筑设计：H 建筑师事务所

Architects: HARQUITECTES

大奖及城市填充奖：1014住宅，巴塞罗那，西班牙

Grand Prize Winner and Category Winner in Urban Infill: House 1014， Barcelona，Spain， 2014

建筑设计：H 建筑师事务所

Architects: HARQUITECTES

这座住宅所在的地块位于格拉诺列尔斯的城市历史中心，隔墙分割的连续住宅构成了其周围的城市肌理。置于两座住宅之间，可用于该项目的空间既狭窄又瘦长，仅有6.5m宽，并且可以从两边的街道到达场地。由于现存建筑荒废已久，只有相对完好保存的主立面仍具有一定的遗产价值，值得被保留在项目中。

业主希望将住宅中的两种区域加以明确的区分：家庭空间，承载日常家庭生活发生的场所；次级空间，安静并与前种空间加以分隔，在功能上独立但不定义确切功能，用作迎接偶然来访客人的起居室，也用于聚餐或集会活动。依据对街道建筑对齐的规划法规要求，沿着地块方向分隔这两部分区域的隔墙自然而然产生。家庭空间朝向主要街道布置，而地块中被中心庭园分隔和独立出来的西侧部分，则提供了隔离的车辆入口。

地块的东西朝向和临街面的狭窄，使得沿街立面很难获得充足的光照。这一状况又使得地面层的私密性问题难以解决，促使我们将建筑由街道面退后了一些，给建筑两面都提供了入口内院。这些天井式院子带来了上方的光照摄取，同时也创造了过渡空间，既是街道与住宅物质空间的过渡，也是室外和室内气候的过渡。具有可移动屋顶构造的半遮蔽实用空间，冬日提供能量收集，夏日促进自然通风。这些生物气候空间成为连接两条街道间的建筑空间序列的起始，序列中包含了一系列在条件、特征和性能等方面截然不同的区域。增加的这个空间与热学状态的序列创造了长达53m、面积共345m2的地面层，是住宅中最频繁和集中使用的地方。同时，它如同一条长长延伸的走廊，分别连接着住宅上层和地下层的私密空间和后勤空间。

住宅中的每个房间都经过精心设计而彼此关联，清晰地呈现着每个空间的特别用途，又显现着其作为整体空间的一部分存在。这种方法也使室外空间具有了生活空间的品质，因此好像成为了住宅中额外的一个房间。借此，主要的地面层空间将不同的室内房间、底层和上层、更狭长的半室外有顶的生物气候空间以及有顶或无顶的室外空间整合联结、相互关联。

不同结构单元之间的关系，很容易产生不连续性，这个需要解决的问题同时也创造了机会，组织砖砌工匠来构思出加强实心砖层的后压缩梁。荷载结构墙体设计为窗台与窗楣间条纹状的分层排布，地面层从薄砖实心砖、再到上层的厚有孔砖。对砌筑工法的多样结构需求，创造出了多变的韵律和肌理，从而获得了崭新的面貌。（陈茜 译）

1　外景/Exterior view2　总平面/Site plan3　入口/Entrance

The plot is located in the historic city center of Granollers and placed into an urban fabric of dwellings between party walls. The available space is narrow and elongated， only 6.5m wide； and accessible from two streets. Owing to the dilapidated state of the existing building， only the main facade，reasonably well preserved offering a certain heritage value， could be maintained.

The desire of the owners was to differentiate two zones in the house: the domestic area， where the daily family life had to take place； and a secondary area， quiet and isolated from the first，functionally independent to be used indistinctly as a living room or to welcome occasional guests as well as organizing meals and gatherings. According to planning regulation in street alignment the partition in two areas along the plot appears automatically. The domestic area is placed towards the main street， while the west side of the plot， isolated and separated by the central garden， becomes a segregated zone for vehicle access.

The east-west orientation of the plot and the narrowness of the access streets made it difficult to achieve a good solar gain throughout the street facades. This circumstance， added to the difficulties to achieve privacy in the ground floor， led us to move back the building from the front street line，creating access patios both sides of the house.These patios allow upper solar gain and at the same time create transition spaces， both physically between the street and the house， and between outdoor and indoor climate. Semi covered and practicable spaces with retractable roofs tops allow capturing energy during winter time as well as ventilation through summer. These bioclimatic spaces become the first step of a sequence of areas linking one street to the other offering all along a great variety of conditions，characteristics and properties clearly differentiated among themselves. The addition of this sequence of spaces and thermal conditions creates a ground floor 53m long totaling 345m² dedicated to the most frequent and collective use of the house. It works at the same time as a long continuous hallway，giving access to the private and service areas of the house located in the upper floor and the basement，respectively.

Each one of the rooms was individually treated yet carefully connected with the next one， clearly identifying the specific use of each space being all，at the same time， part of a whole. This approach helps the exterior space to achieve the quality of a living space， therefore becoming one more room of the house. This way， this main ground floor combines different interior rooms， lower or higher roofs， longer， semi-exterior covered and bioclimatic rooms as well as covered and uncovered outdoor rooms.

Relationship between different structural units produces discontinuities that need to be solved， becoming as an opportunity to organize brick masonry and creating post-compressed beams where solid brick layers will be reinforced. Load bearing walls are stratified in strips between ledges and lintels creating a gradient of densities from the thinner and more solid pieces in the ground floor， to the thicker and perforated pieces of the upper floors. Diverse structural requirements of the masonry work produce different rhythms and textures achieving new expressivities.

4 庭院/Courtyard

项目信息/Credits and data

设计团队/Design Team: David Lorente， Josep Ricart， Xavier Ros， Roger Tudó （HARQUITECTES）

合作方/Collaborators: Blai Cabrero Bosch， （architect of HARQUITECTES）， Montse Fornés Guàrdia （architect of HARQUITECTES）， Carla Piñol Moreno （quantity surveyor of HARQUITECTES）， Fátima Vilaseca （interior design），Ramon Anton （quantity surveyor）， DSM arquitectes（structural engineer）， Igetech/Àbacenginyers （insallations），Anna Esteve （landscape）

建筑用途/Building's Purpose: 家庭住宅兼客房/Family home and guest house

建造周期/Construction Period: 2011.10 – 2014.03

建筑面积/Usable Floor Area: 673m2

砖材类型/Brick Type: 粘土砖，饰面砖，粘土铺地砖/Clay blocks， facing bricks， clay pavers

摄影/Photos: Adrià Goula

评委评语

马蒂亚·贝克：1014住宅植入于一个极为狭窄的空间中，可以说是极其特殊的城市环境。建筑师针对一个仅有6.5m宽却非常、非常长的地块进行工作，他们对这一特殊地段的使用采取了一种很有创新性的方式。这是一次对于如何处理时常会在历史城市中出现的“鸡肋式”空间的尝试。项目因此成为了对于封闭与开放空间的既精准又复杂的把玩。人们很容易想象居住在这里能获得的高度空间丰富性和环境氛围。这座建筑不仅仅将通常与住宅相关的许多问题与要素一一解决，更在材料、尺度、气候条件、“技巧”的想法甚至材料的连接上下功夫。对砖的使用将传统的概念和建构“技巧”的概念表达出来，这两者都从本质上强化了对这个项目的整体体验。（陈茜 译）

5　首层平面/Floor 0 plan

6　剖面/Section

Jury Statement

Matija Bevk: House 1014 is inserted into a very narrow space， in so to say extreme city conditions. The architects worked with a plot which is about 6.5m wide and very， very long， and they have used this unusual location in a very innovative way. It is an exercise in how to use the almost "left-over" space， which sometimes exists in historic cities. The project therefore becomes a very precise and complex play of closed and open spaces. One can immediately imagine that living there offers a lot of spatial richness as well as ambience and atmosphere. The project deals with many questions and aspects normally associated with housing， but it also deals with questions of materiality， scale and climatic conditions， as well as the idea of "skill"， the material articulation of the project.The use of brick becomes a conveyor of both the idea of tradition and the idea of "skill" in construction， which both contribute fundamentally to the overall experience of the project.

评论

王丽方：用地极为狭长，两头连街。一头是车库院子与二层小楼，一头是旧入口与三层小楼，中间是长院，跨过一个方亭。用砖作为立面主材，分散的形体得以统一。看似砖砌的墙体，借助构造的处理却开出很多横向大洞口，使砖墙很显新颖。选择特薄的罗马砖和特厚的空心砖与普通砖组砌，强调出砖的手工艺特点，又有杂乱错综之意，与杂乱的周边和旧入口的杂石的旧墙相协调。

空间组织既简洁流畅又奇异多变，刷白的室内，也微微地显出砖的痕迹。砖建筑既通透又厚重，显得清新又朴雅。

最可看的是旧入口。原有二层高的沿街石墙立面相当动人。新建筑向后退进，之间用小庭过渡，上面盖以天窗。新建筑的砖立面延伸到小庭的地面铺装，再向上翻卷，贴砌在石墙的内侧。石墙原有的4个洞口，留用了两个。沿街是动人的旧石墙，进入后是五面砖饰包围的砖的小庭。形体的过渡用空间，材料的过渡是一墙两面。大胆而贴切。

7　步行入口/Pedestrian entrance

Comments

WANG Lifang: The plot is extremely narrow， with both ends connecting two streets. To one end are the garage yard and a two-storied building， while to the other end the old entrance and a three-storied building， with a long courtyard in the middle across a square pavilion. With brick as the main material of the facades， the fragmented parts are unified. The wall， seemingly being made of bricks， is newly designed with structural treatment of opening large horizontal holes. With masonry of thin Roman bricks， thick hollow bricks and common bricks， the wall highlights the craft characteristics of bricks with complicated meanings， in harmony with the old wall made of miscellaneous stones inlaid in the messy surrounding and old entrance.

The spatial arrangement is simple， smooth， singular and changeable， with the interior walls being painted in white indicating the slight trace of bricks. The brick building is both transparent and heavy， appearing fresh and elegant.

The old entrance is the focus worth more gaze. The original two-storied wall in stone along the street has an attractive facade. The new building extends backward， with a small courtyard transit in the middle and the skylight covering the top. The brick facade of the new building extends to the pavement on the ground of a small courtyard， and then rolled upward to the inside of the stone wall. Two of the original four holes of the stone wall are kept. Along the street is the magnificent old masonry wall， inside which is a small courtyard decorated with five-sided stones. The transit of the whole shape is a wide space， while that of material is the two sides of a wall， which is bold and appropriate.

袁烽：1014住宅的砖立面设计形成的体量回应了周边历史街区中的肌理与文脉。在这一设计中，砖石材料并不能从建筑中完全孤立出来，而是被建筑师融入到狭长场地的空间操作中。首先在沿街立面的处理上，建筑师通过运用朴实的砖石材料形成了对两侧历史建筑的尊重。同时，建筑师在对砖石的砌筑中并没有刻意追求一种表面上的“历史感”，而是仍以较为简洁的当代建构方式体现了建筑与材料的真实性。在内部空间处理中，建筑师在庭院隔墙的砌筑上选取了不同砖石尺寸和建构方式，并将这些处理形成的不同肌理进行并置，一方面体现了一种历史发展进程中抽象的瞬时多样性，另一方面不同墙体界面上的多样性质感在形成了丰富的空间体验的同时，建立了观者在空间行走过程中对整体结构布局的识别性。

9　内景/Interior view

Philip F. Yuan: House 1014 responds to its urban context and texture through a particular method of brick facade design and massing manipulation. In this project，brick as a material cannot be isolated from the building， but should be interpreted as the chief component of the overall spatial configuration in this narrow site. In order to dialogue with surrounding buildings， brick is used to construct the front facade. However， the architect doesn't attempt to formulate a "historical" impression from the material. Rather， brick is used in a contemporary tectonic paradigm which maintains its material authenticity. In the internal space sequence of the building，the architect adopts different brick dimensions and assembly rules for the various internal walls. As the result， collages of different brick textures extract various but instantaneous impressions from the historical meaning of the site. While one walks though the elongated building， the diversified material textures not only creates a complex visual experience， but also maintains the identity of the overall spatial configuration.