穆旦的误译
2016-10-12杨志
杨志

睡前习惯读点东西,好久没读奥登,找出手头的英文选集,一翻,正是《美术馆》(Musée des Beaux Arts)。这诗,不记得读了多少遍,太熟了,迷迷糊糊重读,内心突然一动,感觉以前的理解似乎有问题,结果,睡不着了—
一、被误译的奥登
译介奥登,始于民国,有邵洵美、卞之琳、朱维基诸家,但大陆诗人(包括笔者)接触奥登,大都始于穆旦译本(收入《英国现代诗选》,湖南人民出版社1985),我们读的奥登,其实多多少少戴了穆旦的“有色眼镜”。《美术馆》为英诗名篇,汉译很多,只我读过的,不算网上,就有穆旦、王佐良(收入《英诗的境界》,生活·读书·新知三联书店1991)与《奥登诗选:1927-1947》(上海译文出版社2014)三家。搞过翻译的都知道,译前尽量不要读他人译稿,以免被对方牵着走。据我所知,后两家事先都读过穆旦译本,是受其影响的,王佐良为穆旦挚友,就称自己的译本即据穆旦译本略改而成。
现将原作及穆旦译文抄录如下:
About suffering they were never wrong,
关于痛苦他们总是很清楚的,
The Old Masters: how well they understood
这些古典画家:他们深知它在
Its human position; how it takes place
人心中的地位,深知痛苦会产生,
While someone else is eating or opening a window or just walking dully along;
当别人在吃,在开窗,或正作着无聊的散步的时候;
How, when the aged are reverently, passionately waiting
深知当老年人热烈地、虔敬地等候
For the miraculous birth, there always must be
神异的降生时,总会有些孩子
Children who did not specially want it to happen, skating
并不特别想要它出现,而却在
On a pond at the edge of the wood:
树林边沿的池塘上溜着冰。
They never forgot.
他们从不忘记:
That even the dreadful martyrdom must run its course
即使悲惨的殉道也终归会完结
Anyhow in a corner, some untidy spot
在一个角落,乱糟糟的地方,
Where the dogs go on with their doggy life and the torturers horse
在那里狗继续着狗的生涯,而迫害者的马
Scratches its innocent behind on a tree.
把无知的臀部在树上摩擦。
In Breughels Icarus, for instance: how everything turns away
在勃鲁盖尔的“伊卡鲁斯”里,比如说;
Quite leisurely from the disaster; the ploughman may
一切是多么安闲地从那桩灾难转过脸:
Have heard the splash, the forsaken cry,
农夫或许听到了堕水的声音和那绝望的呼喊,……p>
