汪昕宇　陈雄鹰　邹建刚

摘要：超大城市面临稳定保有一定数量农民工劳动力和控制人口规模的平衡问题，合理评价城市劳动力新生力量——新生代农民工的就业满意度，有利于客观反映新生代农民工的就业状态与现实诉求，并为超大城市提高农民工就业质量提供支持。以北京地区新生代农民工为研究对象，在明确就业满意度构成因素的基础上，运用因子分析法构建适合新生代农民工城市就业特点的就业满意度模型和评价量表，并对新生代农民工的就业满意度进行分析评价。结果显示，新生代农民工在就业中更看重工作环境、职业发展和晋升机会，对报酬的关注度有所下降，这与已有研究结果有所不同；新生代农民工整体的就业满意度较低，其中更换工作的机会、涨薪机会、晋升机会、与老板关系的不满是导致满意度低的最主要原因；新生代农民工内部存在代际分化，“90后”农民工的就业满意度显著高于“80后”；文化程度、所从事的岗位、婚姻状况对新生代农民工的就业满意度都有显著影响。

关键词：超大城市；新生代农民工；就业满意度；代际差异

中图分类号：F2414文献标识码：A文章编号：1000-4149（2016）05-0084-12

DOI：103969/jissn1000-4149201605009

Abstract：The megacities faced the problem of balancing retaining a certain amount of migrant workers and controlling the population scale. Reasonable measuring the employment satisfaction of the new generation migrant workers who are the new blood of the labor force in cities， is benefit for objective reflecting the employment status and realistic demands， and providing support for promoting the migrant worker employment quality in megacities. This paper establishes employment satisfaction model and assessment scale by using factor analysis method， analyzes and evaluates the employment satisfaction of new generation migrant workers in Beijing based on survey data. The results show that： the new generation migrant workers pay more attention to working environment， profession development and promotion opportunity， rather than salary level， which is different from other study results； the employment satisfaction level of new generation migrant workers is relatively low， the unsatisfaction is mainly associated with changing job opportunity， increasing salary opportunity， promotion opportunity， and the relationship with boss； there is intergenerational difference betwneen the new generation migrant workers， the employment satisfaction of the post 90s migrant workers is remarkable higher than that of the post 80s migrant workers； the degree of education， employment position and marital status have a significant factor on employment satisfaction.

Keywords：megacity； new generation migrant workers； employment satisfaction； intergenerational differentiation

一、引言

面对超大城市中的农民工群体，一个首先摆在人们面前的问题是：超大城市是否离得开农民工？以北京为例，2015年北京市常住人口21705万人，其中，常住外来人口8226万人，占常住人口的379%，而常住外来人口中一半以上是农民工[1]。试想，如果北京没有了外来农民工，建筑工地请不来工人，饭店雇不来服务员，网上购物后没有快递员给你送到家门口等情况会让就业链断裂，人们生活不便。……