残疾大学生就业问题与对策研究*

2016-09-08杨立雄

残疾人研究 2016年2期

■杨立雄

残疾大学生就业问题与对策研究*

■杨立雄

残疾大学生就业难的问题存在已久，虽然近些年来政府和残联采取多项手段鼓励残疾大学生就业，但是在残疾大学生入学比例逐年提高以及经济新常态的背景下，这一问题越加突出。造成残疾大学生就业难的原因是多方面的，既有自身的原因，也有经济和社会发展的原因，其中对残疾大学生的就业歧视、按比例安置残疾人就业政策落实不到位以及残疾大学生就业服务缺乏是形成残疾大学生就业难的主因。为此需要从以下两个方面加以改进：一是完善按比例就业政策，包括严格执法、降低安置比例和实施累进比例；二是加强残疾大学生就业服务，包括在大学设立残疾大学生服务中心和残疾大学生就业指导中心。

残疾大学生；就业；残疾人就业保障金；残疾大学生就业指导中心

【Abstract】For a long time， college students with disabilities have difficulties in finding jobs， although the government and China Disabled Persons’ Federation have adopted various policies to help college students with disabilities get employed. This has become more and more apparent under the circumstances of increasing the enrollment rate of college students with disabilities and the economy’s entering the new normal. Causes of this issue are multiple including disabled students themselves and the development of economy and society. The main reasons are employment discrimination against students with disabilities，the uneffective implement of proportional employment of disabilities and lack of service for employment of disabled college students. Two measures can be taken to improve the situation. Firstly， improve proportional employment policies， including enforcing the regulations and laws strictly， reducing the employment proportion and carrying the progressive ratio policy. Secondly， improve the employment service for disabled college students， including establishing service centers and career centers for students with disabilities.

【Key words】College students with disabilities； Employment； Disabled employment security fund；Career center for disabled college students

自1977年恢复高考开始，每年都有少数残疾学生参加高考。由于当时我国社会所秉持的残疾观非常落后，对残疾人参加高考设置了重重障碍；即使有资格参加高考，且达到分数线，也被高校以身体或心理的原因拒绝，因而进入高等学校学习的残疾人非常少。随着残疾人观的转变和法律制度的完善，越来越多的高等学校开始接受残疾人入校学习。但是随之而来的残疾大学生就业问题开始凸显。