基层医院门诊52例干眼的临床分析
2016-08-19胡轶高睿骐
胡轶 高睿骐
【摘要】 目的 分析干眼患者的临床特点, 以利于正确诊治和预防。方法 回顾性分析52例干眼患者的临床资料。结果 主要症状前三位为:眼干涩(88.5%)、异物感(57.7%)、视疲劳(40.4%)。临床分类:水液缺乏型2例;蒸发过强型17例;黏蛋白缺乏型11例;混合型干眼22例。治疗及预后:6例轻度干眼患者治愈;39例中度干眼患者中19例治愈, 20例好转;7例重度干眼患者中4例好转, 3例无效。结论 干眼的准确诊断依赖于详尽的病史收集、症状分析、眼部检查和泪液相关检查。干眼的治疗是包括去除病因、消除眼表炎性反应、补充人工泪液相结合的综合治疗的过程。
【关键词】 干眼;临床特征;诊断
DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2016.22.002
Clinical analysis of 52 xerophthalmia outpatient cases in a primary hospital HU Yi, GAO Rui-qi. Department of Ophthalmology, Dujiangyan City Peoples Hospital, Dujiangyan 611830, China
【Abstract】 Objective To analyze clinical features of xerophthalmia patients, in order to provide correct diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Methods Clinical data of 52 xerophthalmia patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results Three main symptoms included eye dryness (88.5%), foreign body sensation (57.7%) and asthenopia (40.4%). Clinical classification showed 2 cases with water fluid deficiency type; 17 cases with over evaporation type; 11 cases with mucoprotein deficiency type; and 22 cases with mixed xerophthalmia type. After treatment, 6 cases with mild xerophthalmia were healed. There were 19 cured cases and 20 improved cases in 39 cases with moderate xerophthalmia. Among 7 cases with severe xerophthalmia, there were 4 improved cases and 3 ineffective cases. Conclusion Precise diagnosis of xerophthalmia is based on detailed medical history collection, symptom analysis, eye examination and related tear examination. Treatment for xerophthalmia includes pathogenesis and ocular surface inflammatory reaction eliminating, in combination with artificial tears supplying.
【Key words】 Xerophthalmia; Clinical features; Diagnosis
干眼是由于泪液的量或质或流体动力学异常引起的泪膜不稳定和(或)眼表损害, 从而导致眼不适症状及视功能障碍的一类疾病。我国临床出现的各种名称(如干眼症、干眼病及干眼综合征等)均统一称为干眼[1]。本文对2013年1月~2014年12月在本科门诊确诊的52例干眼患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析, 总结如下。
1 资料与方法
1. 1 一般资料 2013年1月~2014年12月在本科门诊确诊的干眼患者共52例, 其中男19例, 女33例, 男女比例1∶1.74;年龄15~76岁, 平均年龄(46.8±16.4)岁, ≥45岁39例, <45岁13例(45岁为WHO对中年人年龄的界定标准 );病程20 d~2年。
1. 2 方法
1. 2. 1 病史的采集 详细询问患者的生活工作环境、工作性质, 尤其是有无眼病史、戴角膜接触镜史, 是否使用眼药、有无眼手术史;有无糖尿病、 类风湿性关节炎、 甲状腺异常、月经紊乱等。同时详细询问患者的眼部症状和全身症状。
1. 2. 2 检查方法 全部患者均进行大体查体(有无腮腺肿大、关节畸形、皮疹等);……
