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维持性血液透析患者的营养不良风险及影响因素

2016-08-10李士捷谢华孙建设孙建琴

上海医药 2016年14期
关键词:血液透析

李士捷+谢华+孙建设+孙建琴

摘 要 目的:调查维持性血液透析患者的营养不良风险及影响因素。方法:选取2012年11月—2012年12月长期血液透析患者42例,采用NRS-2002营养风险筛查评估法评估患者的营养不良风险状况,采用24 h膳食回顾法了解患者膳食营养摄入水平,并测定血红蛋白、白蛋白、肾功能以及电解质等生化指标。结果:42例患者中,无营养不良风险17例,有营养不良风险25例,占59.5%。无营养不良风险组的能量、蛋白质和碳水化合物摄入量均高于营养不良风险组(P<0.05)。两组血清白蛋白、血红蛋白、肌酐水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。BMI与NRS-2002评分成负相关(r=-0.740,P<0.001),膳食铁、锌、铜及维生素E与NRS-2002评分成正相关(P<0.05)。结论:维持性血液透析患者营养不良风险的发生率较高,需要提高其膳食能量、蛋白质及碳水化合物摄入,以改善其营养不良风险。

关键词 肾疾病 血液透析 营养不良

中图分类号:R153/R459.5 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2016)14-0019-03

Analysis on malnutrition risk and its influencing factors in maintenance hemodialysis patients

LI Shijie, XIE Hua, SUN Jianshe, SUN Jianqin

(Department of Digestion, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China)

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the malnutrition risk and its influencing factors in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Methods: Forty-two cases e x p e r i n c e d long-term hemodialysis were e n r o l l e d from November 2012 to December 2012. The malnutrition risk conditions of the patients were assessed by NRS 2002, and their dietary intake levels were analyzed by 24-hour dietary recall method. At the same time, the biochemical markers such as levels of hemoglobin and albumin, renal function and electrolytes were measured. Results: In 42 patients, 25 (59.5%) patients existed the malnutrition risk while 17 patients did not. The energy, protein level and carbohydrate intake were higher in the non-malnutrition risk group than those in the malnutrition risk group (P<0.05). No significant difference in the levels of serum albumin, hemoglobin and creatinine was found between the two groups(P>0.05). BMI was negatively correlated with NRS-2002 score(r=-0.740, P<0.001), and dietary iron, zinc, copper and vitamin E were positively correlated with NRS-2002 score(P<0.05). Conclusion: The incidence of malnutrition risk in maintenance hemodialysis patients is higher, and their dietary energy, protein and carbohydrate intake should be increased to releve their malnutrition risk.

KEY WORDS renal disease; hemodialysis; malnutrition

随着血液透析技术的不断发展,维持性血液透析患者的生命与生存质量均得到延长,但营养不良问题日趋突出。营养不良是较常见的血液透析并发症,其发生率随患者年龄增长和透析疗程延长而增加[1]。研究报道,维持性血液透析患者营养不良的发生率为50%~70%,而营养不良可使患者免疫力下降,透析耐受性降低,易发生感染,出现心脑血管疾病等并发症,成为影响血液透析患者生活质量和长期生存的重要因素[2]。膳食营养与血液透析患者的营养状况密切相关,而有关这方面的研究目前仍较少。本研究旨在探讨维持性血液透析患者的营养不良风险状况及其影响因素,为改善血透患者营养状况提供理论依据。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选取2012年11月—2012年12月在我院血液净化中心进行长期血液透析患者42例,其中男24例,女18例,年龄16~89岁,平均(66.5±12.3)岁;……

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