郑路　周劲松　孙文静　石晨

摘要： 为分析不同复合材料高速列车地板减振性能的差异，对其进行力学性能测试，分别采用多层叠混合模型及单层模型计算复合结构材料的等效参数并验证.建立包含内装地板的高速列车车体有限元模型；基于实车线路测试结果，以车体底架振动加速度信号作为地板瞬态响应激励，计算复合地板材料结构的瞬态振动响应及振动传递率，得到不同复合材料地板的振动特性.研究结果表明：桦木芯材优于桤木芯材；外层面板厚度的增加使得地板的减振性能增强，但过大会导致减振性能下降；不锈钢面板比铝合金面板地板结构固有频率低且质量较大，不利于车体轻量化设计.

关键词： 高速列车； 复合材料地板； 力学性能测试； 等效材料特性参数； 减振

中图分类号： U270.11文献标志码： B

Analysis on vibration performance of composite material

floor of highspeed train

ZHENG Lu， ZHOU Jinsong， SUN Wenjing， SHI Chen

（Institute of Railway&Urban Rail Transit， Tongji University， Shanghai 201804， China）

Abstract： To analyze the vibration reduction performance of different kinds of composite material floors of highspeed train， the mechanical performance tests are performed on the structures， and the equivalent parameters of the composite material floor are calculated using multilayer model and single layer model separately and validated. The finite element model of a highspeed train body which includes inner decoration floor is built； based on the test data of real train on line， the vibration accelerations of train body underframe is considered as the excitations of transient response and the transient vibration response and vibration transfer rate are calculated for the composite material floor structures， and the vibration property of different composite material floors are obtained. The results show that， the core material of birch is better than that of alder； the vibration reduction performance is improved with the increase of outer panel thickness， but it decreases if the panel is too thick； the natural frequency of stainless steel panel floor is lower than that of aluminum alloy panel floor and not conducive to light weight design because of its bigger mass.

Key words： highspeed train； composite material floor； mechanical performance test； equivalent material property parameters； vibration reduction

0引言

随着我国高速列车运行速度不断提高，振动和噪声问题日益突显，车体零部件材料和减振结构的选择十分重要.[1]由于地板是转向架与车体内部的接口，乘客与地板直接接触，地板振动剧烈会显著降低乘客乘坐的舒适性，因此其结构振动性能研究尤为重要.目前，我国高速列车内装地板广泛采用复合材料[23]，该类型地板质量较轻并可在一定程度上增加地板刚度.国内外专家学者对地板减振措施进行一定程度的研究，如：雷晓燕等[4]和王瑞乾等[5]研究的列车铝型材地板喷涂阻尼材料可显著提高地板的模态阻尼比，在不同频段降低地板的振动；……