陈羽　高喆　王毅刚　杨志刚

摘要：为减小高速列车运行时的气动阻力，设计直式、斜式、内圆弧式和外圆弧式等4种转向架前后底部导流板的高速列车模型.通过风洞试验验证数值模拟方法的有效性，采用数值计算分析底部导流板对列车气动阻力和底部流场的影响.结果表明：不同形式底部导流板的列车总阻力相差可达20%，其中头车气动阻力因数极差值最大为0.062.导流板影响列车底部气流速度和转向架区域压力分布，其导流作用使得转向架区域气动阻力和转向架的阻力同时改变.转向架前后导流板的导流效果越好，转向架区域的气动阻力越小；同时，气流冲击使得转向架上的滞止压力增大；在二者的共同作用下高速列车的总阻力存在一个较小值.底部采用直式导流板对降低全车气动阻力的效果最好.

关键词：高速列车； 转向架； 底部导流板； 气动阻力； 滞止压力

中图分类号： U270.1 文献标志码：B

Abstract：To reduce the aerodynamic drag of highspeed train， the highspeed train models with four different forms of underbody guide plates in the front and rear of bogies are designed， which are straight， oblique， inner arc and outer arc. The numerical simulation method is verified by wind tunnel test， and the aerodynamic drag and underbody flow field of highspeed train influenced by guide plates are analyzed by numerical calculation. The results indicate that， the maximum difference of aerodynamic drag affected by underbody guide plates is up to 20%， and the maximum difference of peak aerodynamic drag of head car is 0.062. The underbody guide plates affect the underbody flow velocity and the pressure distribution of bogie section， and the guide effect leads to simultaneous change of the aerodynamic drag of the bogie section and the drag of bogie. The better guide effect of the guide plates in the front and rear of bogies， the smaller aerodynamic drag of bogie section. Meanwhile， the stagnation pressure on bogies increases by the air flow impact. There is a lower total drag force of the highspeed train under the effect of guide plates and the air flow impact. It is shown that it is better to use the straight form underbody to reduce the aerodynamic drag of the whole train.

Key words：highspeed train； bogie； underbody guide plate； aerodynamic drag； stagnation pressure

0 引 言

高速铁路是在能源和环境约束下解决我国交通运输能力供给不足的重要设施.[1]列车明线运行时受到的气动阻力与运行速度的平方成正比，消耗的功率与速度的三次方成正比，当速度达到300 km/h时，气动阻力将会占总阻力的80%以上.[2]

转向架和轮对是列车的走行部分，由于其结构形式复杂，对列车行驶时的气动性能有很大影响.文献[3]给出8节车编组高速列车的各个部分对整车阻力的贡献情况，其中转向架系统的气动阻力占列车总阻力……