敦煌佛爷庙湾唐代模印塑像砖墓(二)
2016-07-21戴春阳


内容摘要:敦煌佛爷庙湾墓群发掘的6座唐代模印塑像砖墓中,其中弧方形的墓葬形制参照长安地区唐墓可知属高等级墓葬。文章分析了墓葬年代、墓葬等级及P.2523《敦煌名族志》的编撰年代,认为两者均为开元年间,因而认为M123、124、125等墓为外任归葬的敦煌望族——阴氏家族墓葬,其中阴稠或阴仁协以及阴仁希可能与M123具有对应关系。
关键词:敦煌模印塑像砖;高等级墓葬;敦煌名族志;开元年间;阴氏家族墓
中图分类号:K879.44 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-4106(2016)03-0009-08
Abstract: In the six Tang dynasty tombs made of bricks with impressed statues found at Dunhuang, those in arc-square form can be identified as high-class tombs based on tomb forms from the Changan region exemplary of the period. This paper analyzes the date and class of the tombs as well as the date when P.2523 (Records of the Prominent Families at Dunhuang)was written, and comes to the conclusion that both date back to the Kaiyuan era. Tombs M123, M124, and M125 were the tombs of the Family Yin, a powerful family at Dunhuang, of whom Yin Chou(or Yin Renxie)and Yin Renxi might be associated with M123.
Keywords: bricks with impressed statues from Dunhuang; high-class tomb; Records of the Prominent Families at Dunhuang; Kaiyuan era; tombs of the Family Yin
(Translated by WANG Pingxian)
三 墓主与相关问题
(一)墓葬等级与外任官员葬制习俗
如前所述,敦煌佛爷庙湾唐代模印塑像砖墓,其墓葬形制可分两型,即A型:弧方形;B型:方形[1],与唐代严格的墓葬等级制度具有密切联系。西安地区(含周边)发掘唐代墓葬数以千计,作为京畿,其墓葬制度具有规范意义。尤其是其中许多墓葬出土有墓志,对厘定墓葬时代、等级提供了可靠依据。
A型弧方形砖室墓 弧方形规格较高,唐初有着严格的使用限制。李渊从弟李寿作为从一品的郡王,其墓室使用的也只是方形[2]。高宗至玄宗时期,开始见于三品以上的品官,肃宗以后才见于正四品[3]。
B型方形砖室墓 长安地区使用砖室墓的均为中、高级品官[3]43-44 [4]。此外,有唐一代,许多三至四品的高官使用了方形土洞墓,如从三品左卫将军独孤开远墓[5]、正四品上太子左内率司马睿墓[6]、正四品下壮武将军段元哲墓[5]94等。
而大量唐代墓志所反映的唐代墓葬制度、习俗以及敦煌文书所涉相关内容,对我们考察M123、124、121等墓墓主的范围不无裨益。……
