张智泓　张广凯　佟金　Stephen Carr　赖庆辉　张兆国　方秋容

摘要[目的]基于理论推导建立凸齿镇压器作业过程中的运动学和动力学模型。[方法]根据运动学中刚体做平面运动的瞬心定理和牵连运动为平动时质点的加速度合成定理，建立凸齿镇压器在不同工作阶段的运动参数模型；根据动力学中的动量定理、动能定理和冲量定理，建立凸齿镇压器工作状态中所需牵引力、凸齿与地面作用瞬间产生的冲击力和冲击能的参数模型。[结果]凸齿镇压器作业过程中所需的牵引力随着凸齿镇压器的自身质量和滚动阻力系数的增加而增大，而凸齿镇压器转动惯量的增加会降低凸齿镇压器所需牵引力；冲击过程中，凸齿镇压器的牵引速度越大、质量和转动惯量越大、冲击时间越短，则冲击力越大；凸齿镇压器冲击土壤时的冲击能随着凸齿的转动惯量、质量和质心竖直向下移动距离的提高而增加，而随土壤的弹性系数与土壤的塑性变形量的增加而减小。[结论]建立了凸齿镇压器在不同工作状态下运动学及动力学模型，分析并揭示了凸齿镇压器结构参数与运动参数间的相互联系，探索了凸齿镇压器冲击土壤的特征规律，为设计和优化其结构参数和运动参数提供了理论依据。

关键词 凸齿镇压器；土壤表面微形貌加工；理论力学；运动学模型；动力学模型

中图分类号 S222.23 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2016）05-316-06

Abstract[Objective]Basic theoretical derivation approach was adopted to establish kinematics and dynamics model of operating toothed wheel.[Method]At different working phases of toothed wheel，formulas of toothed wheel motion parameters were derived according to rigid body plane motions instantaneous velocity center theorem in kinematics，along with acceleration composition theorem of translational motion.Depending on the theorem of impulse and theorem of kinetic momentum in dynamics，along with the kinetic energy theorem，deduced the equation of toothed wheel required operational draft force，instaneous impact force and impact energy.[Result]It was proved that when operating，toothed wheel required draft force increases with its weight and rolling resistance coefficient，while increment of toothed wheel rotational inertia will decrease the required draft force.In the process of impact，as the velocity，weight and rotational inertia of toothed wheel increases，the impact force increase.The impact energy of toothed wheel also increase with the rotational inertia，weight and vertically downward velocity，but decrease with the elastic coefficient and plastic deformation value of the soil.[Conclusion]Through this study，the relation between structural parameters and motion parameters of a toothed wheel can be revealed.Moreover，behavior of toothed wheel movement and dynamics of impact operation characteristics can be investigated.This study will provide the theoretical basis for the choice of structural parameters and motion parameters of toothed wheel.

Key words Toothed wheel； Soil surface microtopographical processing； Theoretical mechanics； Kinematic model； Dynamic model

土壤表面微形貌加工是近年来得到快速发展的一种整地方式，通过在田间土壤表面加工出若干规则微坑阵列以改变地表微观地形地貌，从而拦蓄降水产生的田间地表径流[1]。……