苏北地区玉米生产存在的问题及技术创新思路
2016-07-10徐德利刘冬玲李国权
徐德利 刘冬玲 李国权
摘要 玉米是苏北地区第三大粮食作物,近年来,随着高产创建活动的开展,种植面积和单产水平不断提高。该研究以连云港市为例,分析了当前苏北地区玉米生产中存在的主要问题,主要是品种更新慢,种植密度偏低,机械化程度不高,基础设施较差,肥料施用不合理,极端气候对生产影响大,病虫害较重,收获偏早。提出了优化品种结构、明确主推技术、普及常规高产栽培技术、制定抗灾减灾预案、开展高产增效创建活动、适当推迟收获等玉米高产技术措施和工作思路,并对下一阶段玉米生产注意事项和研究重点进行了展望。
关键词 苏北地区;玉米生产;技术创新
中图分类号 S-9 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2016)05-282-02
Abstract Maize is the third largest food crop in North Jiangsu. In recent years, with the development of high yield activities, planting area and yield was increasing. With Lianyungang City as an example, existing problems in maize production were analyzed, including slowly updating of varieties, low planting density, low mechanization degree, poor infrastructure, unreasonable fertilizer application, significant impacts of extreme climate on production, serious plant diseases and insect pests, early harvesting. Several measures for increasing maize yield were put forward, such as optimizing varieties structure, clearing main technologies, popularizing conventional high yield cultivation techniques, formulating disaster mitigation plan, carrying out activities to create high efficiency, properly delaying harvest period, notes in the next stage of maize production and research focus were forecasted.
Key words North Jiangsu; Maize production; Technical innovation
玉米作为苏北地区第三大粮食作物,也是重要的经饲作物。连云港市作为苏北地区重要玉米生产大市,种植面积逐年上升,目前已稳定在4万hm2以上,是连云港市面积最大的旱作物,也是畜牧业生产最重要的饲料来源。抓好玉米生产,对确保粮食安全和农业增效、农民增收具有十分重要的意义。近年来,江苏省提出了以改良品种、更新技术为重点的玉米发展思路,以玉米高产增效创建活动和江苏省“三新”工程项目为平台,玉米产业得到了较快的发展,种植面积不断扩大,单产水平不断提升,出现了一批单产12 000 kg/hm2的攻关田、单产11 250 kg/hm2的千亩(66.67 hm2)示范方、单产9 750 kg/hm2的万亩(666.67 hm2)示范片,以及单产超9 000 kg/hm2的高产示范市、县,为粮食安全起积极作用。但玉米生产中还存在诸多问题,如地方政府和部门重视不够、基础设施较差、配套技术推广应用不到位等,均制约了玉米高产向更高产发展,产能潜力得不到充分发挥。……
