刘春艳　刘喜迎　柏统贵　姚姗姗

摘要[目的]加深对积云在北极区域气候中作用的理解。[方法]利用一个北极区域气候模式，针对浮力能量型云模式以及质量通量型方案2种积云参数化方法，开展了北极区域气候数值模拟试验，分析了不同积云参数化方案模拟结果的差别以及相似之处，并对相关问题进行了初步探讨。[结果]积云参数化方案对北极年平均地表气温分布模拟影响明显，浮力能量型云模式方案可以更好地模拟温度场，模拟的温度存在较大的冷偏差，且随着高度抬升偏差减小；质量通量型方案模拟的降水误差更小，模式对总降水的模拟水平主要由对大尺度降水的再现能力决定，提高大尺度降水的模拟水平对改善北极区域降水模拟是至关重要的。[结论]该研究可为区域气候模式的改进和气候变化的预测及评估提供参考。

关键词 积云参数化；气候；北极；数值模拟；影响

中图分类号 S16 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2016）05-210-04

Abstract[Objective]To deepen the understanding of the effects of cumulus on arctic climate.[Method]By using the climate model of arctic region， numerical simulation test on arctic region climate was carried out according to the two cumulus parameterization methods of cloud model of buoyancy energy type of and mass flux type. Similarity and difference of simulated result of cumulus parameterization schemes were analyzed； and relevant issues were preliminarily discussed.[Result]Cumulus parameterization scheme had significant effects on the annual average surface temperature distribution simulation. Cloud model scheme of buoyancy energy type could better simulate the temperature field. Simulated temperature had relatively great cold deviation； and the deviation decreased with the uplifted height. Simulated precipitation by mass flux type scheme had smaller error. The simulated level of model on total precipitation was determined by the retrieval ability of largescale precipitation. Thus， enhancing the simulated level of largescale precipitation was the key to the improvement of polar precipitation simulation.[Conclusion]This research provides references for the improvement of regional climate mode and the predication and evaluation of climate change.

Key words Cumulus convection parameterization； Climate； Arctic； Numerical simulation； Effect

积云参数化方案有很多种[1]，作为数值模式中最重要的非绝热物理过程之一[2]，在决定大气的温湿度垂直结构中起重要作用，被广泛应用于中尺度模式中，是数值预报模式中必不可少的物理过程。积云参数化可将大尺度模式不能显式分辨的对流凝结和积云引起的热量、水分和动量的输送与模式的预报变量联系起来[3]，在决定大气温度、湿度的垂直结构中起着关键的作用。许多数值模拟试验表明，采用不同的积云参数化方案，其模拟结果会有较大的差别[4-5]，模式对降水模拟的不足可能与所采取的参数化方案有关[6]。……