余瑞新　欧阳建平　段红霞　夏桂龙

摘要[目的]探讨花生秸秆源生物黑炭在赣东北地区花生种植中的合理用量。[方法]设4个处理，即对照（不施黑炭）、BC20（20 t/hm2黑炭）、BC30（30 t/hm2黑炭）、BC40（40 t/hm2黑炭），研究不同处理下花生产量、土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和pH的变化。[结果]施用生物黑炭可显著提高花生产量和土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾养分含量，与对照相比，BC20、BC30 和BC40的花生产量分别提高了12.90%、21.40%和26.80%，土壤有机质含量分别增加了13.90%、18.45%和27.97%，碱解氮含量分别增加了21.58%、43.15%和118.05%，有效磷含量分别提高了28.21%、56.87和74.07%，速效钾含量分别增加了22.57%、36.51%和46.97%；土壤pH分别提高2.62%、4.04%和7.32%，且随着生物黑炭用量的增加，花生产量和土壤肥力呈逐渐增加趋势。[结论]在赣东北地区施用生物黑炭可提高花生产量，较好地阻控红壤酸化。

关键词 生物黑炭；花生；红壤；土壤酸化

中图分类号 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2016）05-163-02

Abstract[Objective]To find reasonable rate of biochar from peanut straw in northeastern Jiangxi Province.[Method]Setting up 4 treatments： CK （no biochar）； BC20 （20 t/hm2 biochar）； BC30 （30 t/hm2 biochar）； BC40 （40 t/hm2 biochar）， the changes of peanut yield， soil organic matter， pH， available nitrogen， phosphor and potassium contents， in different treatments were analyzed.[Result]The results showed that： the application of biochar could improve significantly peanut yield， soil organic matter and available nitrogen， phosphor and potassium. Compared with CK， peanut yields in BC20， BC30 and BC40 were increased by 12.9%， 21.4% and 12.9%， respectively； soil organic matter contents were increased by 13.90%， 13.90% and 13.90%， respectively； soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen contents were increased by 21.58%， 43.15% and 21.58%， respectively； soil available phosphorus contents were increased by 28.21%， 56.87 and 74.07%， respectively； soil available potassium contents were increased by 22.57%， 36.51% and 22.57%， respectively. Soil pH values were increased by 2.62%， 4.04% and 7.32%， respectively. Meanwhile， peanut yield and soil fertility were improved gradually with increasing of application rates of the biochar.[Conclusion]The application of biochar in northeastern Jiangxi can improve peanut yield， effectively prevent and control red soil acidification.

Key words Biochar； Peanut； Red soil； Soil acidification

红壤旱地是我国南方丘陵区主要的耕地资源，该地区水热资源丰富，生产潜力巨大，是我国重要的粮、油、果、林、茶及水产品生产基地[1]。花生是赣东北红壤地区重要的种植作物，但是由于土壤贫瘠和不合理的管理模式，导致该地区的花生产量普遍较低[2]；因此，改进施肥措施是提升该地区花生产量的关键，对于农业可持续发展，保障区域粮食安全，提高农民收入和恢复该地区退化的生态环境具有重要的现实意义。相关研究表明，将秸秆在无氧条件下低温裂解制备成生物黑炭并还田可以有效提升秸秆利用率[3]，生物黑炭还田可以较好地改善土壤肥力和质量，从而提高作物生产力[4]；……