陈岗　董继翠　王跃金　布云虹　耿少武　柴云霞

摘要 [目的]探索科学利用烟田废弃生物质的模式，为实现农业清洁生产、循环利用的可持续发展提供理论依据与借鉴。[方法]从云南省楚雄州烟田废弃生物质的处置现状出发，通过毁形机械和烟草速腐剂筛选，烟田废弃生物质堆捂发酵工艺研究，生物有机肥综合对比调查，烟田烟株病害调查，对利用烟田废弃生物质生产生物有机肥进行了探索。[结果]河南洛阳四达926A型4刀片青贮侧草机发酵时间短，效果好；烟草速腐剂天缘·母露可用于堆捂发酵，以对圈肥的堆捂效果最好；生产有机肥3 000 t，成功获得粉状肥料和粒状肥料2个商品性系列产品，净收益101.1万元；废弃生物质集中无害化处理的烟田烟草炭疽病和赤星病发病株率较常规田块低12～15个百分点，花叶病株率较常规田块低2～3个百分点，两黑病发病株率较常规田块低5～7个百分点。[结论]利用烤烟大田生产中所产生的不采烤鲜烟叶、烟花烟杈、病残叶、杂草、烟杆等进行集中无害化处理，生产生物有机肥具有一定可行性。

关键词 烟田废弃生物质；生物有机肥；循环经济学；楚雄州

中图分类号 S572 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2016）05-159-02

Abstract[Objective] To find the scientific utilization mode of tobacco field waste biomass， and to provide theoretical basis and reference for the sustainable development of agricultural clean process project and cyclic utilization. [Method] Starting from the present treatment situation of tobacco field waste biomass in Chuxiong prefecture of Yunnan Province， damage machinery and tobacco rapid rot agent were screened. Fermentation technology of tobacco field waste biomass was compared with the bioorganic fertilizer. Field tobacco plant diseases were investigated； bioorganic fertilizer production by tobacco field waste biomass was discussed. [Result] Luoyang Sida 926A 4 blade silage side grass machine had short fermentation time and good effects； tobacco fast rot agent Tianyuan Mulu could be used for stacking fermentation， and had the optimal stacking effects on barnyard manure， which produced 3 000 t organic fertilizer， and successfully obtained two commercial products of powder fertilizer and granulated fertilizer. The net income was 1011 thousand yuan. Incidence rates of brown spot and Colletotricum destructivum and concentrated harmless treatment of abandoned biomass was 12-15 percentage points lower than that of conventional field， respectively. Incidence rates of mosaic disease and two black diseases were 2-3 percentage points and 5-7 percentage points lower than conventional field， respectively. [Conclusion] Concentrated harmless treatment was carried out in fresh fluecured tobacco leaves， diseased leaves， weeds and tobacco stems in field production； its production of organic fertilizer has certain feasibility.

Key words Tobacco field waste biomass； Bioorganic fertilizer； Circular economics； Chuxiong prefecture

楚雄州烟叶种植历史悠久，常年种植烤烟4.67万hm2左右，是云南省优质烟叶的主产区。长期以来，烟田废弃生物质的不合理处置成为影响烟叶生产和质量的安全隐患，烟农习惯将采摘的烟花、烟杈、病残叶随意丢撒于烟田路边和水沟中[1]，一方面，导致烤烟大田烟株叶斑病、根茎病和花叶病等病害交叉感染并大量暴发，影响烟叶生产的产质量；……