安然　范才银

摘要[目的]分析不同装烟方式的烘烤成本及效益，进一步探索现代烟草农业省工降本措施。[方法]对常规挂杆、针式烟夹、散叶插杆3种密集烤房装烟方式进行试验，分别对上、中、下部烟叶各测试一次，在烘烤设备成本、用工成本、耗能以及综合收益等方面研究其省工、节能效果。[结果]试验表明，与常规挂杆装烟方式相比，散叶插杆、烟夹装烟方式均显著降低了烤烟烘烤环节的用工成本和耗能成本；烟夹和散叶插杆装烟方式烘烤综合效益高于挂杆方式，每千克干烟分别收益0.67、1.07元，散叶堆积收益又高于烟夹装烟方式。[结论]研究显示，几种装烟方式中散叶插杆装烟方式最值得推广应用。

关键词 密集烤房；装烟方式；散叶插杆；烟夹；省工；节能

中图分类号 S572 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2016）05-125-03

Abstract[Objective] To analyze the baking cost and benefit of different tobacco loading methods， and to further explore the cost saving measures of modern tobacco. [Method] Test was carried out on three tobacco loading methods in bulk curing barn. The upper， middle and lower leaves were detected. The labor and cost saving effects were researched from the aspects of baking equipment cost， labor cost and energy consumption. [Result] Compared with conventional loading method， looseleaf stacking and tobacco clamper loading methods significantly reduced the labor costs and energy costs during tobacco curing. The comprehensive benefits of tobacco clamper and looseleaf stacking were higher than that of conventional loading. The benefits of drytobacco per kilogram improved by 0.67 and 1.07 Yuan， respectively. And looseleaf stacking is higher than clamper loading method. [Conclusion] Among the three methods， looseleaf stacking is the most worthy of popularization and application.

Key words Bulk curing barn； Loading method； Looseleaf stacking； Tobacco clamper； Labor saving； Energy saving

近年来，农村劳动力不断向城镇转移，种烟主体越来越少，规模化、集约化种植已成为烤烟生产可持续发展的方向。然而，随着规模化的增加，对劳动力的需求增大，而农村的劳动力不断减少，劳动力已经成为制约烤烟生产发展的一个瓶颈[1]。为了解决这个难题，密集型烤房的推广与使用是烟叶烘烤设备的一项重大改进，但是目前国内绝大部分烟区仍然采用传统的挂杆式烘烤，编烟用工强度大，装烟密度小，烘烤效率低的问题依旧没有改变，密集型烤房优势未得到体现[2]。为了探索烟叶烘烤减工降本、提质增效，解决绑烟、装烟等环节用工量大的问题，2013～2015年，常宁市烟草公司选择在三角塘双湾烘烤工场，重点对常规挂杆、针式烟夹、散叶插杆3种装烟方式开展试验分析，试验烟叶品种为云烟87。……