不同氮肥用量对烤烟生长发育及品质的影响
2016-07-10孙敬钊白玉超皮本阳孙智勇李强崔国贤
孙敬钊 白玉超 皮本阳 孙智勇 李强 崔国贤



摘要[目的]研究不同施氮量对烤烟生长发育和品质等的影响,以期提高常德烟区烟叶品质。[方法]以烤烟品种云烟87为材料,设置5个氮肥处理,研究不同氮肥用量对烤烟生长发育、农艺性状、经济性状和烤后烟叶化学成分的影响。[结果]随着施氮量增加,烟株的株高、茎围和单叶重增加,烤后烟叶中烟碱、总氯、总糖、还原糖和总氮含量逐渐升高。[结论]在常德烟区以T3处理(施氮量120 kg/hm2)上等烟比例最高,产量和产值较高,经济效益最好。
关键词 烤烟;氮素;品质
中图分类号 S572 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2016)05-042-02
Abstract[Objective]To research the effects of different dosages of nitrogen fertilizers on the develoment and quality of fluecured tobacco, and to enhance the tobacco leaf quality of Changde tobacco area.[Method]With Yunyan87 as the research mateirals, field experiment of five treatments with different nitrogen fertilizer were conducted to survey the effects of different dosages of nitrogen fertilizers on the growth development, agronomic characters, economic characters and chemical composition of fluecured tobacco.[Result]With the inrease of nitrogen fertilizers, the plant height, stem girth and economic characters all enhanced, as well as the nicotine, total chlorine, total glucose and total nitrogen content of fluecured tobacco.[Conclusion]T3 treatment (120 kg/hm2 nitrogen) has the maximum proportion of high class leaves with better yield and output value, and highest economic benefit at Changde tobacco area.
Key words Fluecures tobacco; Nitrogen; Quality
烟草是我国主要经济作物之一,在国民经济和人们生活中占有重要的地位。氮素是对烤烟生长较为敏感的养分[1-2]。
氮肥过多或过少都会对烟叶的产量和品质产生很大的影响[3-4]。为追求较高的经济效益,烟农通常施用过量的氮肥,导致烟叶烟碱和全氮含量严重超标,品质下降,工业可用性差。合理施用氮肥,在保证烟株养分、提高烟叶产量的同时,还可以改善烟叶品质,提高烟叶的利用价值[5-6]。目前关于氮肥用量对烤烟生长发育及品质影响的研究很多,但我国烟区分布范围十分广泛,气候、土壤条件复杂多样,针对个别地区应选用适宜的氮肥用量[7-8]。湖南常德烟区是我国著名优质烟叶产区,长期以来存在着施肥不合理、氮肥用量大、肥料利用率低等问题。为此,笔者通过综合分析不同施氮量对烤烟生育期、农艺性状、化学成分、经济性状等的影响,初步确定常德烟区较适宜的施氮量,以提高常德烟区烟叶品质。……
