古丽尼沙·卡斯木　吾司曼江·吉力力　艾斯开尔·买海提　马丽亚木古丽·买买提明　郭靖

摘要[目的]研究8个无花果品种在阿图什引种栽培初期的物侯期及生长情况。[方法]以从山东省嘉祥县引进的8个无花果品种为试材，在阿图什市克州北山戈壁产业科技示范园进行大棚温室和露地栽培试验，比较了各无花果品种的物候期、生长量和产量等指标，观察各品种在阿图什市的表现。[结果]与露地栽培相比，大棚温室栽培的同种无花果品种均表现早萌动、早展叶、果实早成熟、晚落叶，年生长期明显短于露地栽培。大棚温室栽培条件下，8个无花果品种的株高、地径、新梢年生长量和单株产量均明显高于露地栽培。在大棚温室栽培的8个品种中丰产黄的株高最高，为1.56 m；地径最大的是丰产黄，为22.27 mm；新梢年生长量最大的是布兰瑞克，为1.30 m；单株产量最高的是布兰瑞克，为2.00 kg/株。露地栽培条件下株高最高的是波姬红，为1.05 m；地径最大的是波姬红，为28.10 mm；新梢年生长量最高的是波姬红，为1.04 m；产量最高的是布兰瑞克，为1.30 kg/株。[结论]8个无花果品种均可在新疆阿图什正常生长及结实，其中布兰瑞克的丰产性较好。

关键词 无花果；阿图什；物候期；生长量

中图分类号 S663.3 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2016）05-030-03

Abstract[Objective]The aim was to study the phenology stage and growth of 8 fig cultivars in the early stage of introduction and cultivation in Atux.[Method]The 8 fig cultivars introduced from Jiaxiang County in Shandong Province used as test materials， and experimented in greenhouse and field cultivation in Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture North Mountain Gobi Industrial Science and Technology Demonstration Park of Atux City， to compare their phenology， growth characteristic parameters and yield， in order to observe the varieties in Atux.[Result]Result shows that： Compared with the field cultivation condition， the same fig cultivars cultivated in greenhouse showed early bud germination， early leaf expansion， early fruit maturation， late leaves defoliation， and its annual growth period was significantly shorter than field cultivation. Under greenhouse cultivation， plant height， trunk diameter， young shoot growth and per plant yield of 8 figs cultivars were significantly higher than field cultivation. Among greenhouse cultivation cultivars the Fengchanhuang expressed highest plant height， value was 1.56 m， and the diameter of Fengchanhuang was maximum（22.27 mm）， the Brunswick had a largest growth amount， was 1.30 m， and its yield was also highest， value was 2.00 kg/plant. Under field pot experiment condition， red porgy had a higher plant height， value was 1.05 m， and its diameter was also highest （28.10 mm）， the highest growth amount （1.04 m） was expressed in Bojihong， the Brunswick had a most yield， value was 1.30 kg/plant.[Conclusion]8 fig cultivars can grow and fruit in Atux， Xinjiang， among them， Brunswick has a largest growth amount.

Key words Fig； Atux； Phenology stage； Growth amount

无花果（Ficus carica Linn.）为桑科榕属落叶小乔木，原产地中海沿岸，分布于土耳其至阿富汗。在我国已有1 000多年的栽培历史，唐代即从波斯传入新疆各地后传入中原，尤以新疆南部栽培较多[1-2]。无花果具有营养价值高、易栽培、采果期长等特点[3]。……