刘仁奎　刘斌

摘要[目的]明确纳他霉素与6种杀菌剂对木霉毒力的差异并比较纳他霉素与6种杀菌剂混配对木霉M23的毒力。[方法]采用菌丝生长速率法测定纳他霉素和6种不同杀菌剂以及纳他霉素与6种杀菌剂混配对木霉M23的室内毒力。[结果]6种不同杀菌剂对木霉的毒力不同，其EC50分别为0.448 4、0.709 9、1.390 8、8.648 3、12.448 1和18.185 6 mg/L；与6种杀菌剂相比，纳他霉素表现出较好的杀菌效果，其EC50为1.551 1 mg/L，与百菌清相近。混配试验结果表明，纳他霉素与百菌清以3∶1比例、与多菌灵以1∶6比例、与苯醚甲环唑以1∶6比例混配均具有最高的共毒系数，其值分别为250.020 0、373.990 3和189.194 4。[结论]纳他霉素与百菌清（3∶1比例）、多菌灵（1∶6比例）、苯醚甲环唑（1∶6比例）混配均具有较好的增效作用，可进一步用于生产实践。

关键词 纳他霉素；杀菌剂；农药混配；木霉

中图分类号 S482.2 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2016）05-018-03

Abstract[Objective]The aim was to determine the toxicity difference of natamycin and six fungicides against Trichoderma viride， and compare toxicity of mixture of natamycin and six fungicides against Trichoderma viride M23.[Method]By the method of mycelium growing， the indoor toxicity of natamycin and six fungicides against Trichoderma viride M23 was determined.[Result]The results showed that the 6 fungicides had different control efficiency， with their EC50 values of 0.448 4， 0.709 9， 1.390 8， 8.648 3， 12.448 1 and 18.185 6 mg/L； compared with the 6 fungicides， natamycin show good control effect with its value of 1.551 1 mg/L， similar to chlorothalonil. The mixprocess experiment showed obvious synergies， that the mixture of natamycin and chlorothalonil with ratio of 3∶1 had the highest cotoxicity coefficient of 250.020 0； natamycin and carbendazim with ratio of 1∶6 had the highest cotoxicity coefficient of 373.990 3； natamycin and difenoconazole with ratio of 1∶6 had the highest cotoxicity coefficient of 189.194 4.[Conclusion]The experimental results show that the three mixed proportions of the fungicides（natamycin：chlorothalonil=3∶1，natamycin：carbendazim=1∶6， natamycin：difenoconazole=1∶6） have good synergistic effect and could be used in further production.

Key words Natamycin； Fungicide； Mixed pesticides； Trichoderma viride

木霉（Trichoderma viride）属于半知菌亚门丝孢纲丝孢目粘孢菌类，是一类普遍存在的真菌，其孢子梗从菌丝上长出，在瓶梗式的小梗顶部产生分生孢子，分生孢子圆形或椭圆形，单细胞，淡绿色[1-2]。木霉在自然界分布广泛，常腐生于木材、种子及植物残体上[2-3]。木霉是适应性很强的一种真菌，繁殖速度快，在食用菌栽培中能够污染整个菇包，通过分泌毒素，抑制、破坏食用菌菌丝细胞质生长，阻碍食用菌菌丝生长，且能生长在生长势较弱的菌丝体上，使组织细胞溶解死亡。木霉对蘑菇、香菇、平菇、银耳、木耳等多种食用菌菌种和栽培菇床都能侵染危害，导致菌种成品率降低和产量大幅度减少。……