考虑零售商努力水平的资金约束供应链决策研究
2016-06-13王志宏沈春强
王志宏 沈春强
摘 要:考虑由一个供应商、一个资金约束零售商和一个银行组成的供应链,市场需求随机且受销售努力水平影响。针对供应商为零售商提供回购担保的存货质押融资业务,建立供应链上各成员的决策模型。首先分析销售努力水平和零售商最优订购量之间的关系并给出了相应的表达式;接着分析回购价格对决策变量和期望收益的影响,并集中讨论销售努力水平对供应链上各成员期望收益的影响情况。最后,通过数值仿真来验证结论的有效性。
关键词:资金约束;销售努力水平;回购担保;存货质押融资
中图分类号:F273.7 文献标识码:A
Abstract: Consider a supply chain consisting of a supplier, a capital constraint retailer and a bank who faces a stochastic demand influenced by sales effort. On the case of the supply's buy-back guarantee against retailer's inventory financing, the paper establishes optimal decision model for supply chain members. Firstly, the article analyses the relationship between sales effort and retailer's optimal order quantity, and gives the corresponding expression. Then the article analyses how the supply chain members' profits and decision variables change by buy back price, and discusses how the supply chain members' profits vary by sales effort. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the correctness of the conclusions.
Key words: capital constraint; sales efforts; buy back; inventory financing
0 引 言
在管理实践中,资金短缺的问题影响着供应链的协调运作。如果供应链上某一节点企业存在资金短缺,不仅会影响到自身的运营决策和收益,还会波及到上下游企业的运营决策,严重的还会导致整个供应链生产经营活动的中断,增加整体供应链的运营风险,影响到整个供应链的收益和绩效。在解决供应链资金约束问题的过程中,存货质押融资已经成为一种不可忽视的方法,其核心是运用动产资源来解决中小企业在外部融资时因缺少不动产抵押品造成的信用不足问题,是一类基于动产担保的融资业务。在国际方面,Mann[1]研究了以存货为担保形式对供应链参与各方的成本和收益的影响,Buzacott和Zhang[2]同时讨论银行的信贷决策和零售商的运营决策,得出零售商运营决策和银行信贷决策相互影响。……
