物资采购中专家评标一致性的评价方法研究
2016-06-13谢先明杨迎春
谢先明 杨迎春
摘 要:专家评标意见的不一致是导致招标采购风险的主要因素之一。针对物资采购评标中专家意见的不一致现象,文章给出了一种衡量评标过程中专家意见一致性的评价方法。首先,分析了专家在评标过程中给出的评价矩阵,获得专家评价的基数打分和序数排序。然后,比较专家个体意见和群体意见得出专家意见的一致程度,并确定专家判断的相对可信程度。接着,用方差分析法检验专家意见的相对可信程度,进一步分析某些专家出现异常意见的可能原因。最后,以湖北电网物资采购评标为例说明了该方法的可行性和有效性。
关键词:招投标管理;评价矩阵;一致性;方差分析
中图分类号:F253 文献标识码:A
Abstract: The inconsistency of experts' bid evaluations is one of the main factors leading to the risk of purchasing by invitation to bid. To avoid the inconsistency of experts' evaluations, this paper provides a method to measure the consistency of experts' evaluations. Specifically, we analyze the evaluation matrix obtained by the processing of bid evaluation, gain the score of cardinal number as well as ordinal arrangement and get the related opinions of the experts' group. Then, comparing the consistency level between the personal opinions and the group opinions. By utilizing analysis of variance to test the relative credibility degree of experts' opinions, the possible reasons caused by the abnormal experts' bid evaluation are analyzed. Finally, we take the materials purchasing bid evaluation of Hubei power grid for example to illustrate the feasibility and availability of this method.
Key words: management of bidding and tendering; evaluation matrix; consistency; analysis of variance
0 引 言
招投标是招标方事先提出采购需求及条件,邀请必要数量的投标方和专家参加,并按照法定程序选择交易对象的一种市场交易行为。物资采购招标作为一种公开公正且有效的市场行为,在大中型企业中非常常见。其中,评标是一个重要环节,是确保公正公平的关键。在评标过程中,专家打分包含主观因素和客观因素,其中主观因素与专家的名望、地位、所属专业、对决策问题的熟悉程度等有关,而客观因素则取决于候选方案本身的特点和性质。由于评标专家的知识结构、判断水平和个人偏好等众多主观因素的影响,专家打分必然有一定的主观性,从而导致专家意见的不一致。
专家意见一致度评价[1]作为一种控制招投标风险的重要工具,能够有效地降低由于专家个体知识或经验不足而引起的误差。……
