天津市郊区果园土壤重金属镉污染状况调查试验研究
2016-06-07苏亚勋王素君赵立伟陈庆斌
苏亚勋+王素君+赵立伟+陈庆斌
摘 要:选择代表性较强的北辰区韩家墅桃园、杏园,西青区大柳滩的葡萄园、梨园进行了调查研究。分析了这两个地区的基础养分情况,重点对重金属镉采用原子吸收法测定其含量,利用单因子评价法对果园重金属镉的污染情况进行了评价。结果表明,北辰区镉污染属重度污染,西青区属轻度污染;镉在石灰性土壤中移动性很小,主要在土壤表层累积;随着果园园龄的增长,镉的积累日益加重;同一地区,果树种类对土壤镉含量影响不大,主要与区域和对果园的管理有关。
关键词: 果园土壤;重金属镉;污染
中图分类号:x825 文献标识码:A DOI编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2016.06.005
Study and Investigation on Orchard Soil Cadmium Contamination Status in Tianjin District
SU Yaxun1, WANG Sujun2, ZHAO Liwei2, CHEN Qingbin1
(1.Tianjin North Garden Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Tianjin 300300, China; 2.Tianjin North Business Landscape Limited and Company, Tianjin 300300, China)
Abstract:This experiment carried out investigation and study on the peach and apricot orchard in Beichen Hanjiashu and the pear orchard and vineyard in Xiqing Daliutan. It determined two districts' basic nutrients situation and especially analyzed the cadmium content by the atomic absorption spectrophotometry and appraised the cadmium contamination situation in orchard soil by single factor evaluation method. The results showed that the Cd pollution in Beichen district belonged to serious state and light in Xiqing district. Cd didnt moved sightly in lame soil, it accumulated on surface soil. With the increase of orchard ages, the Cd accumulation was more seriously . In the same area, the fruit varieties dont affect soil Cd content, mainly related to regional and orchard management.
Key words: orchard soil; heavy metal cadmium; contamination
天津地处华北平原的东北部,海河流域的最下游,北依燕山,东邻渤海。由于华北地区多年来干旱少雨,而海河流域上游各地为经济发展修水坝建水库,使得进入到天津的客水量明显减少,工农业用水短缺。同时,京津两地大量未经处理的工业和生活污水通过永定新河、北京排污河等排入渤海。这些过境污水,已经成为天津弥补农业用水不足的重要措施,形成了长达几十年的污灌区。但是,在污水灌溉解决农业用水不足的同时,污水中含有大量的有毒重金属元素随之进入土壤中,污染土壤环境,进而通过食物链,危害人的生命[1-5]。
通过对天津郊区各个果园土样采集、分析,针对天津郊区果园污水灌溉状况,研究土壤镉污染情况,分析土壤镉超标的主要原因,寻求防治土壤镉污染状况的有效措施,对开展天津土壤环境质量的评价与治理具有重要的意义。……
