水稻干尖线虫对水稻剑叶的危害及对生长和产量的影响
2016-06-07汪智渊陆菲杨红福刘杰吴鸣虹
汪智渊 陆菲 杨红福 刘杰 吴鸣虹
摘 要:研究了水稻干尖线虫对水稻生长发育及产量的影响,系统地分析了干尖线虫对水稻剑叶、穗长、株高、结实率、千粒质量的影响程度。结果显示,水稻干尖线虫对水稻剑叶的危害程度可分为4级。由于水稻干尖线虫的危害,造成稻穗总粒数、结实率、千粒质量严重下降,致使产量损失10%~50%。研究可为农业生产中水稻干尖线虫病对水稻产量损失的测定提供依据。
关键词:水稻干尖线虫;危害程度;产量
中图分类号:S436.111.4+8 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2016.06.024
Effect of Aphelenchoides besseyi on Rice Growth and Yield
WANG Zhiyuan1, LU Fei2, YANG Hongfu3, LIU Jie1,WU Minghong1
(1.Jurong Luyuan Agriculture Materials Company, Jurong, Jiangsu 212400, China; 2.Danyang Agriculture Committee, Danyang, Jiangsu 212344,China;3.Zhenjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jurong, Jiangsu 212400,China)
Abstract: This paper researched the effect of Aphelenchoides besseyi on rice growth and yield, systematically analyzed the effect degree of Aphelenchoides besseyi to flag leaf, panicle length, height, maturing rate and thousand seed weight. The result showed that the harm caused by Aphelenchoides besseyi was the main influence factors to growth and yield, which had least influence to the parts of below top second leaf, and the harm degree were classified o into four levels. The harm of Aphelenchoides besseyi caused withering and death of flag leaf and the reduction of kernels per spikes, maturing rate and thousand seed weight, which may induce the yield reducing by 10%~50%. And this provided evidence to measuring yield loss.
Key words: Aphelenchoides besseyi;harm degree; yield
水稻干尖线虫(Aphethchoides besseyi),又称贝西滑刃线虫,是一种重要的植物病原线虫,广泛分布于世界上绝大多数水稻种植区,能引发水稻干尖线虫病。水稻干尖线虫病的典型病状为:病株上部叶片特别是剑叶尖端处变为淡黄色至黄白色,后扭曲成灰白色干尖,病健交界处有一条弯曲的褐色界纹[1]。2001—2003年在江苏大面积发生的“小穗头”病症,则是由水稻干尖线虫引起的非典型病状,其表现为叶片无典型水稻干尖线虫病的病状,而稻穗长度萎缩,稻谷粒减少,穗顶部谷粒变小,并且外颖开裂,米粒外露,稻穗顶部缩小,呈塔状。室内镜检,稻粒中存在大量干尖线虫[2-3]。水稻干尖线虫对水稻剑叶的危害直接影响水稻的生长发育,对水稻产量的影响非常明显[4-5]。为了探讨水稻干尖线虫对水稻剑叶的危害及对水稻生长和产量的影响,笔者对其进行了系统性调查分析研究。
1 材料和方法
1.1 供试水稻品种
淮稻5号,取自2013年江苏省淮安市清浦区黄码乡水稻干尖线虫病发生严重的田块。……
