颜金龙　陈全兴　史磊　程金艳　李洁

摘 要：通过创新捕食者对猎物（捕食对象）的捕食功能研究方法，提高生物防治准确性和实效性。用纱袋笼罩法在麦田、棉田和萝卜田对七星瓢虫成虫和四龄幼虫捕食麦长管蚜、棉蚜、萝卜蚜功能反应进行了初步研究，并分别建立了七星瓢虫成虫和四龄幼虫对各蚜类的田间捕食功能反应数学模型。结果表明，与室内罐头瓶内试验结果基本一致，但捕食功能强弱存有5%左右的小幅差异，田间七星瓢虫成虫对麦长管蚜捕食功能有所增强，而其成虫和四龄幼虫对棉蚜和萝卜蚜捕食功能有所减弱，可能是田间小气候影响所致。对猎物捕食，无论田间或室内，都存在抢食或补食现象。两种试验方法相辅相成、相互验证和矫正，可提高指导性和生防效果。

关键词：田间；七星瓢虫；麦长管蚜；棉蚜； 萝卜蚜； 捕食； 功能反应

中图分类号：S476.2 文献标识码：A DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2016.06.023

Functional Responses of Coccinella Septempunctata Larval for the Predation of Three Species of Aphids in the Field

YAN Jinlong，CHEN Quanxing， SHI Lei，CHENG Jinyan， LI Jie

（Guantao County Agricultural Bureau of Hebei province， Guantao， Hebei 057750， China）

Abstract： By means of the study of innovation of predators to prey （ prey ） predation function method， improve the accuracy and effectiveness of biological control Methods.Yarn bag hanging method in wheat， cotton and radish field on Coccinella septempunctata adults and four instar larvae prey on wheat aphid， Aphis gossypii， Turnip aphid functional response was studied， And adult Coccinella and four instar larvae of the aphid predator functional response class field mathematical model were respectively established. And interior preserving jar test results were basically the same， but the functional strength had about 5% small differences， the field of adult Coccinella on wheat aphid predator function had improved， and the adults and the four instar larvae of cotton aphid and turnip aphid predator had been weakened， may be the field microclimate effects induced by. For prey capture， regardless of the field or laboratory， there are snatch or ofladybugs phenomenon.Two kinds of test methods complement each other， mutual validation and correction， to improve the accuracy and efficiency of biological control has realistic significance， mutual verification and correction.

Key words： field； Coccinella septempunctata； Michael Guan Ya； Aphis gossypii； Turnip aphid； prey on； functional response

七星瓢虫（Coccinella septempunctata）成虫和幼虫是小麦、棉花、蔬菜、油料作物上蚜虫的重要天敌。冀、鲁、豫地区主要在小麦、油菜田及蔬菜日光温室内越冬，春季控制麦蚜（Sitobion avenae（Fabricius））、萝卜蚜（油菜蚜）（Lipaphis erysimi（Kaltenbach））的发生，而后迁入棉田，控制棉蚜（Aphisgossypii（Glover））的为害[1]。夏季田边树丛和杂草是瓢虫成幼虫的“中转站”、“避药”和“避暑”场所，主要在紫穗槐（豆科）（Amorpha frnlieosa）、英英菜（苋科，又叫西古风）（Amaranthus retroflexus）、灰灰菜（藜科）（Heno-podiumalbum）、（刺儿菜（菊科）（Cirsium Scgetum）、狗尾草（禾本科）（Selaria Viridis）等树丛杂草中，最多1 m2有七星瓢虫成幼虫30～40头，主要取食槐蚜（A.craccivora）、麦长管蚜（Macrosi phum granarium）、粟缢管蚜（Rho palosi phum prumfoliae）和萝卜蚜。秋季在晚熟大豆田、萝卜和大白菜等蔬菜田取食大豆蚜和萝卜蚜等[2]。……