甘林 杜宜新 郑加协 杨秀娟 阮宏椿 石妞妞 陈福如

摘 要 为了有效防治土传性香蕉枯萎病，在田间进行了抗病品种和微生物菌剂（肥）的筛选和应用。结果表明，种植不同的香蕉抗病品种对枯萎病的防治效果存在显著差异，其中种植粉杂1号和贡蕉的防效最好，分别为78.62%和72.41%。而施用微生物菌剂和生物有机肥对香蕉枯萎病也均表现出较好的防治效果，其防效分别为87.51%和77.51%。在此基础上提出以种植抗病品种和应用防病微生物菌剂（肥）为主的病害综合防控技术，并进行应用示范。3个示范片连续3年对病害的总体防控效果达90%以上，从而有效控制了香蕉枯萎病的为害，同时减少了香蕉产量的损失。

关键词 香蕉枯萎病；抗病品种；微生物菌剂；绿色防控技术

中图分类号 S668.1；S432.4 文献标识码 A

Abstract In order to control soil-borne Fusarium wilt of banana effectively， the application of resistant varieties and bio-bacterial fertilizers were demonstrated under field conditions in this research. The results indicated that planting different banana cultivars showed better a control effect on Fusarium wilt of banana. The most effective resistant cultivars to Fusarium wilt of banana were Fenza No. 1 and Huang Diqiao， with the control effect up to 78.62% and 72.41%. In addition， the applications of microbial agents and bio-organic fertilizer showed higher control efficiency on Fusarium wilt of banana， with the control effect up to 87.51% and 77.51%， respectively. Based on the results mentioned above， cultivating resistant cultivars and applications of microbial agents（or bio-organic fertilizer）were considered as a green control strategy. Meanwhile， demonstration plots were established. Previous study in demonstration plots showed an effective control in Fusarium wilt of banana and reduction on the loss of banana production based on a 3-year field trial. And the prevention efficiency was all over 90%. This work provides a technical support on the reduction of chemical fungicide application and methodologies for green control to Fusarium wilt of banana.

Key words Fusarium wilt of banana； Resistant cultivar； Bio-organic fertilizer； Green control strategy

doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2016.10.016

香蕉枯萎病是一种毁灭性的土传维管束病害，其病原菌为古巴尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum.f.sp.cubense），在中国广东、广西、福建、台湾和海南等香蕉产区的局部地区均有发生，且发病区域有增大的趋势。该病害可通过田间灌溉水流动、人员农事操作和染病吸芽进行传播。在生产上种植的香蕉品种多为感病品种，仅依靠化学药剂和农业防治很难达到理想的防治效果[1]，因此生产上必须通过综合防治措施控制该病害。其中，培育并种植抗病品种是防治香蕉枯萎病最为经济、有效的措施。我国香蕉抗枯萎病的育种研究已开展多年，选育出多个抗香蕉枯萎病的品种，并对其进行了田间抗病性的测定。……