马海洋 石伟琦 刘亚男 冼皑敏 王琚钢

摘 要 为了明确灌溉施肥模式在季节性干旱期对菠萝产量及水肥利用效率的影响，开展了等量灌水和施肥条件下不同灌溉施肥模式的田间小区比较试验。结果表明：滴灌灌水较传统施肥处理显著促进菠萝植株总干物质的累积，增幅达20.29%，产量提高9.33%。与传统施肥相比，滴灌肥水一体化、微喷带肥水一体化和喷灌肥水一体化处理的菠萝产量分别增加26.27%、23.11%和6.72%，肥料贡献率分别增加16.31%、14.71%和4.93%，农学效率分别增加了18.05 kg/kg、15.88 kg/kg和4.62 kg/kg。在施肥量和灌水量相同的条件下，滴灌肥水一体化处理的菠萝总干物量比微喷带和喷灌肥水一体化分别提高7.35%和21.63%，产量分别增加2.57%和18.32%，肥料贡献率分别提高了1.60%和11.38%。滴灌肥水一体化、微喷带肥水一体化和喷灌肥水一体化处理的灌溉水利用效率均达到37 kg/m3以上。经济效益分析表明，滴灌肥水一体化处理的净收益较传统施肥、微喷带和喷灌肥水一体化分别提高96.30%、5.24%和67.19%。因此，滴灌肥水一体化模式是在季节性干旱期给菠萝灌水施肥的最优水肥耦合方式。

关键词 灌溉模式；菠萝；产量；肥料利用效率；灌溉水利用效率

中图分类号 S668.3 文献标识码 A

Abstract A field experiment was conducted to explicit the effect of the yield and water and fertilizer use efficiency of pineapple in seasonal drought under different irrigation and fertilization methods with equal irrigation water and fertilizer. Compared with the traditional fertilization treatment，drip irrigation significantly promoted the accumulation of total dry matter by 20.29% of the pineapple，and the yield increased by 9.33%. The yield of pineapple increased by 26.27%，23.11% and 6.72%，and fertilizer contribution rate increased by 16.31%，14.71% and 4.93%， and agronomic efficiency increased 18.05 kg/kg，15.88 kg/kg and 4.62 kg/kg，respectively，under fertigation with drip，micro-sprinkling hose and sprinkler conditions treatments compared with traditional fertilization treatment. The total dry matter accumulation，pineapple yield and fertilizer contribution rate in drip fertigation treatments were higher than that in the micro-sprinkling hose fertigation treatments，increased by 7.35%，2.57% and 1.60%，respectively. And that also increased by 21.63%，18.32% and 11.38% compared with sprinkler fertigation treatment under equal irrigation water and fertilizer. In addition，the irrigation water use efficiency of treatments with fertigation were more than 37 kg/m3. The cost and economic returns analysis showed that the net income of drip fertigation treatment was the highest compared with the traditional fertilization， micro-sprinkling hose fertigation and sprinkler fertigation treatment，and increased by 96.30%，5.24% and 67.19%，respectively. Therefore，drip fertigation is one of the best model of water and fertilizer coupling in seasonal drought period to irrigation for pineapple.

Key words Irrigation mode；Pineapple；Yield；Fertilizer use efficiency；Productivity of irrigation

doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2016.10.006

中国是水资源紧缺性国家，人均水资源量只有2 100 m3，仅为世界人均水平的28%，全国年平均缺水量达500多亿m3，水资源供需矛盾关系显著。同时，农业总用水量占中国总用水量的60%以上，其中，灌溉总用水量占农业总用水量的90%以上，且目前灌溉水有效利用率与世界先进水平有较大差距[1]。……