农户割胶技术认知及其影响因素分析
2016-05-14何长辉刘锐金莫业勇
何长辉 刘锐金 莫业勇


摘 要 通过对海南和云南西双版纳植胶区465户橡胶种植户的入户调查,了解农户对割胶技术的认知情况,并建立二元Logistic回归模型对割胶技术认知的影响因素进行分析。结果显示:受教育水平、是否村干部、性别及种植面积对农户的技术认知有显著影响。受教育水平高的农户对割胶技术有更为清晰的认知;女性胶农较男性胶农对割胶技术认知水平高;村干部在橡胶技术信息获取方面比普通农户更具优势,使得他们对割胶技术认知程度较高;种植规模较大的农户对割胶技术重视程度更高,生产实践中对技术认知更清晰。
关键词 天然橡胶 ;农户 ;割胶技术 ;技术认知
中图分类号 F326.2 文献标识码 A Doi:10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2016.06.018
Analysis on the Smallholders Cognition about Tapping Technology
and Its Influencing Factors
——Based on the Survey of Hainan and Yunnan Rubber Planting Area
HE Changhui LIU Ruijin MO Yeyong
(Rubber Research Institute, CATAS, Danzhou, Hainan 571737)
Abstract Based on the survey data of 465 smallholders in Hainan province and Xishuangbanna in Yunnan province, this paper analyzes the smallholders cognition about tapping technology and its influencing factors. Binary Logistic regression model has been established to analysis the influencing factors of tapping technology cognition. The result showed that education level, cadre status, sex and planting scale have significant impacts on the technology cognition. The higher education level of householder, the more clear tapping technology cognition they have. Women have higher cognition level than men. Village cadres have advantages over other ordinary farmers in obtaining rubber technology, so they have more knowledge about tapping technologies. Those smallholders who have large plant areas pay more attention on tapping technology, and they have clear cognition through practice.
Keywords natural rubber ; smallholder ; tapping technology ; cognition
天然橡胶在某些领域属于不可替代的战略性资源,中国从20世纪50年代初开始在热带北缘地区规模化种植橡胶树,2014年种植规模已经达到116万hm2,其中开割面积69.5万hm2。橡胶生产过程中,割胶技术是一项关键技术,因为割胶是从橡胶树中获取胶乳的唯一途径,属于有较高技巧性的手工劳动,需要使用特制的割胶工具(胶刀)从树干割口处切割树皮使胶乳从割口流出。中国目前种植的橡胶树原生皮厚度一般在0.5~1 cm[1-2],《橡胶树割胶技术规程》(以下简称:规程)规定常规割胶的深度应该控制在0.16~0.24 cm。如此精细的要求对割胶劳动力而言是一项严峻的挑战,不能割得太浅否则橡胶树不排胶,也不能割得太深,要不然会伤及树的木质部,从而影响次生皮生长。……
