朱娜 李富荣 李敏 王富华 邹素敏 赵迪

摘 要 通过盆栽试验，研究铅镉复合污染胁迫下11个蕹菜品种在生物量、铅镉吸收量及其对铅镉转运系数等的品种间差异。结果显示：不同品种蕹菜的生物量受重金属铅镉复合污染胁迫的影响不同，其中品种K1、K2、K4和K9的地上可食部分生物量被抑制，抑制率在11.8%～44.1%，而其他7个蕹菜品种地上可食部分生物量均有所提高，促进率在11.2%～72.6%。在铅镉复合污染胁迫下，地上可食部分生物量依然较高的蕹菜品种有K2、K3、K6、K7、K8、K10和K11；吸收Pb、Cd能力均较高的蕹菜品种有K4、K7和K8，吸收Pb、Cd能力均较低的蕹菜品种有K2和K11。所有品种蕹菜对重金属Cd的转运系数平均值为60%，而对Pb的转运系数平均值为26%，说明Cd由蕹菜根部转运到其地上可食部分的能力更强，对蕹菜的毒害作用更强。研究还表明，不同品种蕹菜在重金属铅镉复合污染胁迫下其生物量、铅镉累积量和转运系数存在差异性，以产量高、铅镉吸附量低为原则，蕹菜品种K2青梗大叶空心菜和K11半青白空心菜是栽培在重金属铅镉复合污染土地上相对较好的选择。

关键词 铅 ；镉 ；蕹菜 ；生物量 ；吸收能力 ；转运系数

中图分类号 X171.5 文献标识码 A Doi：10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2016.06.014

Effects of Combined Pb and Cd Pollution on Growth and Heavy Metal Accumulation Characteristics of Different Ipanoea aquatica Cultivars

ZHU Na LI Furong LI Min WANG Fuhua ZOU Sumin ZHAO Di

（1 Public Monitoring Center for Agro-product， GAAS， Guangzhou， Guangdong 501640；

2 College of Resource and Environment， Huazhong Agricultural University， Wuhan， Hubei 430070；

3 Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-product （Guangzhou），

Ministry of Agriculture， Guangzhou， Guangdong 510640）

Abstract The biomass， absorption of cadmium （Cd） and lead （Pb） and their transport coefficients differences among 11 water spinach were analyzed under the pollution of heavy metals by pot experiment. The results showed that the effect of Cd and Pb combined pollution on different Ipanoea aquatic is not same. The decrease rates are 11.8%-44.1% among the cultivars of K1， K2， K4 and K9 and the increase rates are 11.2%-72.6% for others. Under the combined pollution stress of Pb and Cd， the high level biomass of water spinach varieties is K2， K3， K6， K7， K8， K10， K11. K4， K7 and K8 show greater absorption abilities of Pb and Cd， K2 and K11 show lower absorption abilities of Pb and Cd. The mean value of transport coefficient of Cd among all cultivars is 60%， while for Pb is 26%， this indicates that Cd transfers better to the edible parts from the roots than Pb， which may cause superior toxic effect to water spinach. There are differences between different Ipanoea aquatic biomass， uptake of Cd and Pb， transport coefficients. Based on the principle of high output and low absorption capacity of Pb and Cd， cultivars of K2 and K11 is fit for growing on the earth that combined Pb and Cd pollution.

Keywords lead ； cadmium ； Ipanoea aquatic ； biomass ； absorptive capacity ； transforming coefficient

近年，重金属铅镉带来严重的环境污染和食品安全问题，而土壤重金属复合污染问题则进一步增加了重金属污染治理难度，尤其是铅镉复合污染更是广受国内外学者关注[1-2]。复合污染下污染物对作物的毒害效应与单一污染物作用存在差异[3]，作物体内Pb、Cd浓度可能与土壤中Pb、Cd的交互作用相关。……