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Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg对鉴别儿童支气管哮喘与单纯性肺炎的意义

2016-05-11袁颖志贺宇彤吴成张蕊刘江惠

河北医药 2016年9期
关键词:支气管哮喘儿童

袁颖志 贺宇彤 吴成 张蕊 刘江惠

071700 河北省容城县医院儿科(袁颖志),外一科(吴成),妇一科(张蕊);河北医科大学第四医院(贺宇彤、刘江惠)



·论著·

Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg对鉴别儿童支气管哮喘与单纯性肺炎的意义

袁颖志贺宇彤吴成张蕊刘江惠

071700河北省容城县医院儿科(袁颖志),外一科(吴成),妇一科(张蕊);河北医科大学第四医院(贺宇彤、刘江惠)

【摘要】目的检测Th1(IFN-γ+、调节T细胞Foxp3+)、辅助T细胞17(Th17)及细胞因子IL-2、IL-4、IL-17和IL-21在儿童支气管哮喘以及肺炎患儿外周血中的表达,探讨其在儿童支气管哮喘发病中的作用以及与肺炎鉴别的意义。方法收集哮喘患儿32 例,肺炎患儿37例作为研究对象,选取同期体检的22例健康儿童为对照组。分离外周血单个核细胞,采用流式细胞术检测Th17+细胞百分率。采用酶联免疫吸咐(ELISA)法检测3组IL-2、IL-4、IL-17、IL-21表达水平。结果哮喘组患儿外周血Foxp3+细胞占T细胞的比率明显低于肺炎组及对照组;哮喘组患儿者外周血IFN-γ+细胞比例明显低于肺炎组和对照组;哮喘组患儿者外周血Th17+细胞所占比例高于肺炎组及对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。哮喘组患儿外周血IL-2的浓度明显低于对照组(P<0.05),肺炎组患儿外周血IL-2浓度明显低于对照组(P<0.05),但与哮喘组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。哮喘组患儿外周血IL-4、IL-17和IL-21的浓度明显低于肺炎组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg功能失调参与了儿童支气管哮喘的发病机制,临床上可以通过检测Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg相关细胞因子的变化评估儿童支气管哮喘病情并辅助与肺炎的鉴别。

【关键词】支气管哮喘;流式细胞术;Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg;儿童

1资料与方法

1.1一般资料收集2013年1月至2014年12月在容城县医院儿科住院治疗的哮喘患儿32例和肺炎患儿37例,所有患儿全部根据中华医学会儿科学分会呼吸学组制定的支气管哮喘与肺炎常规诊断标准确诊[6],不伴有其他心肺疾病、自身免疫性疾病、自身过敏及过敏性家族史、肿瘤等病史。前1个月内均未使用糖皮质激素及其他免疫抑制剂或免疫调节剂等。哮喘组32例,其中男19例,女13例;平均年龄(3.3±1.2)岁。肺炎组37例,其中男21例,女16例;平均年龄(3.2±1.2)岁。选取同期容城县医院儿科行体检的健康儿童22例为对照组,其中男12例,女10例;平均年龄(3.1±1.3)岁。3组性别比、年龄比较差异均无统计学意义(F=0.262,P=0.770)。本研究医院伦理委员会审核通过,并获患儿家长的知情同意。

1.2标本采集用5 ml肝素钠抗凝负压真空采血管采集患儿清晨空腹静脉血4 ml,在4 h内进行标本处理。取300 μl全血做流式细胞分析;剩余全血300 G/min离心10 min,上层血浆用于检测血浆细胞因子水平,沉淀部分用于分离PBMC,标本于-80℃保存。

1.4酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)检测细胞因子水平取已分离的血浆,4℃解冻。用双抗夹心ELISA 法检测血浆总IL-2、IL-4、IL-17、IL-21浓度水平,按照说明书进行操作,ELISA试剂盒均购自美国Life Science公司,产品编号分别为:SEA073Hu、SEA077Hu、SEA063Hu和SEB688Hu。

2结果

组别CD+4CD+25CD+4CD+25Foxp3+哮喘组(n=32)38.63±15.662.09±1.16肺炎组(n=37)41.12±18.735.13±2.41*对照组(n=22)40.73±13.135.67±1.79*

注:与哮喘组比较,*P<0.05

组别CD+4IFN-γ+CD+4Th17+哮喘组(n=32)8.47±3.237.40±2.69肺炎组(n=37)15.48±3.00*2.86±1.62*对照组(n=22)14.84±3.74*2.56±1.18*

注:与哮喘组比较,*P<0.05

2.33组患儿外周血血浆细胞因子水平比较3组患儿外周血IL-2浓度差异有统计学意义(F=4.644,P=0.012)。其中哮喘组患儿外周血IL-2的浓度明显低于对照组,肺炎组患儿外周血IL-2浓度,明显低于对照组,但与哮喘组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组患儿外周血IL-4浓度差异有统计学意义(F=28.412,P=0.000)。其中哮喘组患儿外周血IL-4的浓度[(24.32±6.31)%]明显低于肺炎组[(11.13±3.31)%]和对照组[(10.57±2.59)%],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组患儿外周血IL-17和IL-21浓度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。哮喘组患儿外周血IL-17和IL-21的浓度明显低于肺炎组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表3。

表3 3组患儿外周血中血浆细胞因子比较 ±s

注:与哮喘组比较,*P<0.05;与肺炎组比较,#P<0.05

3讨论

本研究结果表明哮喘组患儿Th1分泌的IFN-γ及IL-2均明显低于对照组,Th2分泌的IL-4明显高于肺炎组和对照组,与既往研究结果[9,10]相同,提示TTh1/Th2细胞因子失衡在儿童哮喘发病过程中起重要作用。Th1/Th2免疫失衡有可能是儿童哮喘发病的始动因素之一[11],也有可能是发病之后相关免疫因子所引发的继发反应。Th1/Th2免疫平衡失调引发IL-4、IL-10等促炎性因子的过度表达及IFN-γ等炎性抑制因子活性的降低可能是儿童支气管哮喘发病的因素之一。本研究发现肺炎患儿表现为IL-2明显低于对照组,IFN-γ与IL-4则没有变化。提示Th1/Th2免疫失衡在儿童哮喘与肺炎中作用不同,可以以此辅助鉴别诊断。

2006年,日本学者发现了一种不同于Th1、Th2细胞的新型Th细胞亚群,即Th17细胞。这类细胞可分泌IL-17A-F,其中以IL-17为主,并不分泌IL-4及IFN-γ,所以有别于Th1及Th2细胞。Th17在机体免疫反应中主要起促炎作用,该作用通过对中性粒细胞的募集作用、对不同组织或者细胞诱导产生炎性细胞因子、金属蛋白酶以及剌激树突状细胞产生等方面体现[17]。研究表明,哮喘患者在支气管活检、支气管肺泡灌洗液和痰标本中, IL-17的局部表达水平明显高于对照组[18]。有许多研究发现,在中、重度支气管哮喘患者的外周血中,Th17及其分泌的IL-17表达均显著增加[19,20]。可见Th17在哮喘的发病机制中发挥重要作用,其发挥效应主要是通过特征性细胞因子IL-17来完成。本研究表明,哮喘组患儿与对照组相比,其外周血IL-17表达增高, 肺炎组患儿与对照相比则没有统计学差异, 提示Th17可以作为辅助鉴别儿童哮喘与肺炎的指标之一。

本研究显示哮喘组患儿外周血IL-21水平高于对照组,肺炎组患儿则与对照组无统计学差异。提示IL-21 在儿童哮喘发病过程中起到一定的保护作用。IL-21是新近发现一种的细胞因子,由Th17分泌产生。IL-21与其受体结合后可以促进T淋巴细胞的增殖,促进B淋巴细胞、NK细胞的增殖、分化并能提高NK细胞的杀伤活性,从而对免疫系统发挥重要调节作用。近年来研究显示IL-21的水平下降,可能会导致有抗过敏作用的IgG4水平下降[21]。还有研究发现IL-21能使IL-4诱导的IgE产生减少[22]。Tang等[23]研究发现哮喘患儿外周血IL-21明显高于对照组,本研究结果与其一致,同时发现哮喘患儿与肺炎患儿外周血IL-21存在统计学差异。

本研究结果表明Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg功能失调不仅参与哮喘的发病机制,而且是哮喘发展和病理改变的结果。临床上通过检测儿童哮喘细胞因子水平的变化,结合临床表现,可以评估儿童哮喘病情,了解体内炎症水平,并与肺炎进行鉴别,进而可以探讨通过使用细胞因子调控剂或细胞因子拮抗剂来佐治儿童哮喘,为儿童哮喘的早期诊断和治疗提供科学依据。

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The significance of Thl/Th2 /Thl7/Treg in distinguishing asthma from pneumonia in children

YUANYingzhi*,HEYutong,WUCheng,etal.

*DepartmentofPediatrics,RongchengCountyHospital,Hebei,Rongcheng071700,China

【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the levels of Th1 (IFN-γ+), regulatory T cells Foxp3+), helper T cells 17 (Th17), and cytokines-IL-2, IL-4, IL-17, IL-21 in peripheral blood of children with asthma and pneumonia,and to explore their significance in the pathogenesis of asthma and the differential diagnosis from pneumonia.MethodsThirty-two children with asthma (asthma group) and thirty-seven children with pneumonia (pneumonia group) were enrolled in the study,moreover, the other twenty-two healthy children were served as control group. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were separated, then the percentages of Th17+ in PMBC were detected by flow cytometry. The expression levels of IL-2,IL-4,IL-17 and IL-21 in plasma were detected by enzyme-linked mimunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsThe ratio[(2.09±1.16)%] of Foxp3+ T cell in asthma group was obviously lower than that [(5.13±2.41)%] in pneumonia group and that [(5.67±2.79)%] in control group. The cell percentage of IFN-γ+ in asthma group [(8.47±3.23)%] was obviously lower than that in pneumonia group [(15.48±3.00)%] and that in control group[(14.84±3.74)%].The percentage [(7.40±2.69)%] of Th17+ in asthma group was significantly higher than that [(2.86±1.62)%] in pneumonia group and that [(2.56 ± 1.18)%] in control group (P<0.05). The levels of IL-2 in asthma group and pneumonia group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05).However there were no significant differences in the levels of IL-2 between asthma group and pneumonia group (P>0.05).The concentrations of IL-4, IL-17 and IL-21 in asthma group were significantly lower than those in pneumonia group and those in control group (P<0.05).ConclusionThe functional disorder of Th1/Th2 /Th17/Treg may be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma in children,which can be used as the indexes to evaluate pathogenetic condition of bronchial asthma in children and can distinguish it from pneumonia.

【Key words】bronchial asthma;flow cytometry;Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg;children

(收稿日期:2015-12-29)

【中图分类号】R 562.25

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1002-7386(2016)09-1285-04

通讯作者:刘江惠,050011石家庄市,河北医科大学第四医院;

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-7386.2016.09.001

项目来源:国家自然科学基金项目(编号:81272682);河北省科学技术研究与发展计划项目(编号:132777259)

E-mail:ljh707@yeah.net

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