陈红芳，丁绍红，叶继红(.江阴市人民医院药物临床试验机构办公室，江苏 江阴　4400； .江阴市人民医院伦理委员会办公室，江苏 江阴　4400)



江阴市人民医院307例头孢菌素类药品不良反应报告

陈红芳1*，丁绍红1，叶继红2(1.江阴市人民医院药物临床试验机构办公室，江苏 江阴214400； 2.江阴市人民医院伦理委员会办公室，江苏 江阴214400)

DOI10.14009/j.issn.1672-2124.2016.03.042

摘要目的：了解头孢菌素类药发生不良反应(adverse drug reaction，ADR)的特点，为临床合理用药提供参考。方法：对江阴市人民医院(以下简称“我院”)2012—2014年头孢菌素类药引发的307例ADR进行回顾性分析，并统计ADR级别、药品种类、累及器官和(或)系统及主要临床表现。结果：头孢菌素类ADR主要为过敏反应，病例数有248例，占80.78%；与患者年龄相关，<18岁者有172例，占56.03%。与性别无关，与给药途径有关。结论：严格掌握头孢菌素类药的适应证及禁忌证，避免不合理联用，加强ADR监测，对提高疗效和减少ADR的发生具有积极意义。

关键词头孢菌素类药； 药品不良反应； 合理用药

Report on 307 Cases of Adverse Drug Reaction Reports Induced by Cephalosporins in People’s Hospital of Jiangyin

CHEN Hongfang1, DING Shaohong1, YE Jihong2(1.Dept.of Clinical Drug Trial Institution, People’s Hospital of Jiangyin, Jiangsu Jiangyin 214400, China; 2.Dept.of Ethics Committee, People’s Hospital of Jiangyin, Jiangsu Jiangyin 214400, China)

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE：To investigate the characteristics of adverse drug reaction(ADR) induced by cephalosporins, and to provide reference for the rational drug use in clinic. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was conducted on 307 ADR cases induced by cephalosporins in People’s Hospital of Jiangyin(hereinafter referred to as “our hospital”), and the level of ADR, drug categories, involved organs and (or) systems and the main clinical manifestations were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: ADR induced by cephalosporins were performed as anaphylaxis reactions, totally 248 cases, accounting for 80.78%; it was markedly related with age, and patients <18 years old were 172 cases, accounting for 56.03%; and it had nothing to do with sex but with routes of administration. CONCLUSIONS: It is of positive significance to strictly master the indications and taboos of the use of cephalosporins, avoid the irrational drug combination, strengthen the monitoring of ADR, so as to improve the curative effects and reduce the incidence of ADR.

KEYWORDSCephalosporins; Adverse drug reaction; Rational drug use

头孢菌素是分子中含有头孢烯的半合成抗菌药物，可破坏细菌的细胞壁，并在繁殖期杀菌。其对细菌的选择作用强，而对人体几乎没有毒性，具有抗菌谱广、杀菌力强、耐酸、耐酶、毒副作用相对较少、过敏反应较青霉素类少见等优点，广泛应用于临床[1]。但随着临床应用的增多，头孢菌素类药发生不良反应(adverse drug reaction，ADR)的情况也不断发生[2-5]。本调查对江阴市人民医院(以下简称“我院”)2012—2014年头孢菌素类药发生的307例ADR进行回顾性分析，以了解头孢菌素类药发生ADR的特点，为临床合理用药提供参考。

1资料与方法

1.1资料来源

将我院2012—2014年上报的307例符合要求的头孢菌素类药ADR报告作为研究对象，分别对使用头孢菌素类药患者的性别、年龄、用药情况、临床表现及ADR的相关因素进行统计分析。……