冀东地区小麦长管蚜及其寄生蜂种群动态
2016-05-03王姣媛
王姣媛


摘 要:于2014年3月25日至6月10日对秦皇岛地区麦长管蚜及其寄生蜂的田间种群动态进行了调查,探讨麦长管蚜种群的发生规律及其寄生蜂的种类和数量动态。调查结果表明:在4月1日(此期为小麦返青期)麦长管蚜开始发生,此时百株有翅麦长管蚜的数量达到49.5头,百株无翅麦长管蚜的数量达到125.0头;而后急剧上升,在5月13日(此期为小麦抽穗期)麦长管蚜达到最高峰,此时百株麦长管蚜的数量为1 172.5头,发生程度为二级;而后百株蚜量急剧下降,至6月3日(此期为小麦乳熟末期),百株麦长管蚜的数量降到了0.0头。通过鉴定,麦长管蚜的初寄生蜂主要有2种,均属于蚜茧蜂属;重寄生蜂有2种分别为金小蜂属1种、宽缘金小蜂属1种。
关键词:麦长管蚜;寄生蜂;种群动态
中图分类号:S435.12 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2016.05.018
Population Dynamics of Sitobion avenae(Fabricius)and It's Parasitoids in the Fields of Wheat of Eastern Hebei Province
WANG Jiaoyuan
(Agricultural Forestry and Aquatic Product Bureau of Changli County, Changli,Hebei 066600, China)
Abstract: Population dynamics of Sitobion avenae(Fabricius)and it's parasitoids were investigated in Qinhuangdao from March 25th to June 10th of 2014. The results showed that population of winged aphids was reach on 49.5 per one hundred plants of wheat, the number of wingless aphids was 125 per one hundred plants in April 1st. However, in May 13th aphids' population was up to1 172.5 per one hundred plants. At present, harm level of aphids was reached the second standard. Then, aphids' population was decreased, and in June 3th aphids disappeared. The kinds of parasitoids were Aphidius sp1, Aphidius sp2, Asaphes sp, Pachyneuron sp by identification.
Key words: Sitobion avenae (Fabricius); parasitoids; population dynamics
麦长管蚜Macrosiphum avenae(Fabricius),是属于同翅目(Homoptera)蚜科(Aphididae)长管蚜属(Macrosiphum)的昆虫,是我国常见麦蚜中的优势种。麦长管蚜广泛分布于世界各地,国外主要分布在朝鲜、日本及西亚、非洲、欧洲、北美洲等国家和地区;该害虫在国内种植小麦区均有分布,且在南方冬小麦区、北方冬小麦区、西北冬春麦区和青藏高原春冬麦区等地区为害较重[1]。麦长管蚜的繁殖能力极强,一年可繁殖10~20多代,主要以无翅孤雌胎生蚜繁殖,以有翅孤雌胎生蚜迁飞扩散。麦长管蚜喜欢温暖和光照,不耐高温和低温但耐湿润,当温度高于28 ℃或低于6 ℃时,其种群数量都会明显减少,繁殖能力明显下降;当相对湿度低于40%时,也会影响麦长管蚜种群数量的发生,所以,温度为15~25 ℃,相对湿度为40%~80%时是麦长管蚜发生的最适宜条件[2]。……
