恽向事迹及艺术
2016-03-22□黄亮
□黄 亮
Huang Liang
恽向事迹及艺术
Yun Xiang and His Deeds and Art
□黄 亮
Huang Liang
Yun Xiang was an important painter during the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Very few historical documents had mentioned Yun Xiang, and researches on his life became somehow rare, resulting in omission and mistakes by modern and contemporary researchers. Therefore, a further and accurate textual research on Yun Xiang is necessary. Based on historical materials and researches by previous scholars, and combining the Yun Family’s Pedigree and inscriptions in Yun’s paintings, the author makes an effort to do accurate research on Yun Xiang’s life. the author in closes the Chronological Table of Yun Xiang based on current materials at the end of the thesis.
一.家世及早年读学生活
1.恽氏追宗
恽向的出生地—上垫,是一个美丽的江南小镇,那里古时交通便利,水陆网发达,商旅日夜不断,物产丰富,民风纯朴。在《上店古村考》中是这样记载的:
上店古名上垫,南通宜兴,北达常州,兴隆河横贯街中,原有驿道和小桥,来往行人晨昏不绝。乾隆庚戌重建环洞拱形石桥,桥北西侧立有《重建上垫桥记》石碑。随着上垫士族日渐兴盛及地处交通要道,咸丰、同治年间渐成集镇,谓称上店。①现在上店村保存有恽家祠堂及恽南田故居。当地政府在1982年建立了恽南田纪念馆,在1983年重修了恽南田墓,将其与父亲恽日初的墓并排相处。艺术大师刘海粟为恽南田纪念馆提携匾额,并撰写了《重修恽南田墓记》镌碑置于墓园内,上店村如今已划为常州市区了。
恽向于万历丙戌年(1586年)九月廿九生于上垫,兄弟有七,其为长子。恽向,又名本初,字道生,号香山,别号有:香山翁、香山居士、灵隐学道人、灵隐寺僧、野人向等。父恽应明(嘉靖甲子(1564年)七月十二生—崇祯辛巳(1641年)五月廿五卒)字明德,号敬止,太学生,仕至祯武卫。恽向祖父恽绍芳(正德戊寅(1528年)二月十七生—万历己卯(1579年)六月廿九卒)字光世,号少南。嘉靖二十六年(1547年)中进士二甲第三名,仕至“福建左恭议,累赠通议大夫,湖广按察使”②,为官刚正,性格直爽,有诗集刊行。
在恽向的七个兄弟中,最小的是恽含初(1603-1686年)后改名于迈,字涵万,号建湖,为崇祯时顺天府贡生,延试时以推官知县用。……
