杨明（四川外国语大学成都学院英语旅游系，四川成都611844）



品《哈利·波特》系列小说中的咒术用语——小议拉丁文借词在英语中的附加色彩

杨明
（四川外国语大学成都学院英语旅游系，四川成都611844）

摘要：《哈利·波特》系列小说是英国当代作家J.K.罗琳最具代表性的作品，也正是这七部小说使她在中国一举成名并在众多青少年书迷心中留下了一个极富魔幻色彩的名字。《哈利·波特》的主要篇幅都是以霍格沃兹魔法学院的校内生活和学习为背景，因此，小说在天马行空的想象中又处处透着严谨庄重的色彩。故事里出现的五花八门的咒术用语多数都是魔法学院的教学内容。这些在很多人眼里荒诞不经的东西毫无疑问被赋予了几分“学院派”的意味。其实，从原版小说的咒语用词当中，我们也可以发现作家在营造这种“学院派”意味的时候，是刻意花了功夫，可说是独具匠心的。纵观该系列小说，咒术用语都牵涉了拉丁文借词，有的直接使用拉丁文原单词，也有的采用拉丁文词根套上英文的常见词缀。那么，拉丁文借词在英语当中能产生什么样的效果，具有什么样的附加色彩，在我们接触了英语发展沿革之后，是可以了解的。

关键词：J.K.罗琳；咒语；高级语言；神秘色彩；拉丁文

Abstract:As the most influential and notable masterpiece of J.K.Rowling, a modern British literator, the series of Harry Potter earned her an applaudable fame in China and rendered her name in a magical way among young readers. The main stage of Harry Potter was Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, which was filled with campus life and academic endeavor. Thus, the novel passed an impression of solemnity and rigidness to readers along with wild imagination. Most of the incantations mentioned in the story were taught as academics, and consequently it associated the bizarre matters in worldly eyes with some "academic" taste. In fact, from the wording in these incantations, we can infer that the writer made a particular effort in realizing such effects. In all of the seven volumes, the incantations were involved with Latin loanwords, in the form of existing Latin words or new words built by Latin roots plus English affixes. So what effects or impressions can we get from Latin loanwords in English literature production? The answer is reachable after a dip into the historical development of English.

Keywords:J.K.Rowling; incantation; superior language; mysterious impression; latin

任何一种拥有悠久历史的语言，在其向前发展的过程中，都必然经受人类历史事件带来的各种重大影响。人群迁徙、宗教传播、经济往来，在一种“润物细无声”的过程中，总会为语言带来深刻的影响。……