内容摘要：大住圣窟所刻《略礼 七 阶 礼 佛 忏悔等文》与三阶教《七阶礼》有诸多相似之处，从《七阶礼》的演变轨迹及大住圣窟对三阶教的影响等方面可以确定《略礼 七 阶 礼 佛 忏悔等文》影响了《七阶礼》，从中可窥《七阶礼》的起始形态，并为研究信行的广、略《七阶佛名》提供了线索。三阶教“六时礼拜佛法大纲”应是广、略《七阶佛名》的纲领性文字，据此大纲并结合敦煌《七阶礼》诸写本可大致推出广、略《七阶佛名》的原貌及敦煌遗书中诸种《七阶礼》类型的内容与结构。以此为基础，就可详细探究与《七阶礼》抄写在一起的《十方礼》《寅朝礼》等礼忏文与《七阶礼》之间的关系。

关键词：三阶教；七阶礼；佛名礼忏；大住圣窟

中图分类号：K879.59；G256.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-4106（2016）01-0092-10

Abstract： Lveli Qijielifo Chanhui Dengwen engraved in the Dazhusheng Cave has much in common with the Qijie Li of the Three-Stage School， the influence of the former on the latter judged by the evolution and impact of the Dazhusheng Cave on the Three-Stage School. These engraved texts can not only show how the Qijie Li took shape， but also provide clues for studying the Guang Qijie Foming and Lve Qijie Foming written by Xin Xing. An“outline of worshipping Buddhas in six periods of day and night”of the Three-Stage School is likely the creed of Xin Xings two works mentioned above. Based on this outline and the Qijie Li found among Dunhuang documents， we can briefly speculate on the contents and structure of various versions of the Qijie Li among Dunhuang documents， and on the original texts of the above-mentioned works by Xin Xing. Based on this research， the relationship between Qijie Li and the texts engraved together with it， such as Shifang Li and Yinchao Li， can be explored in detail as well.

Keywords： Three-Stage School； Qijie Li； worshipping Buddha by chanting Buddhas names； the Dazhusheng Cave （Translated by WANG Pingxian）

关于三阶教礼忏法《七阶礼》，唐智昇编撰的《开元释教录》卷18《伪妄乱真录》中记载虽然有《广七阶佛名》（《观药王药上菩萨经佛名》1卷）、《略七阶佛名》的条目，但是并无内容。所幸敦煌遗书中存有一批与三阶教礼忏法有关的写本，但是与信行禅师最初的广、略《七阶佛名》到底有何异同却难以说明。矢吹庆辉[1]、井之口泰淳[2]、广川尧敏[3]、汪娟[4]、杨明芬[5]、张总[6]等中外学者都对《七阶礼》进行过研究，但有待深化之处尚多。

本文拟从探讨《七阶礼》的原貌入手，分析广、略《七阶佛名》的内容，并详细探究与《七阶礼》抄写在一起的《十方礼》《寅朝礼》《黄昏礼》《初夜礼》等礼忏文与《七阶礼》之间的关系。

一 《七阶礼》的初始形态

现在能找到的与《七阶礼》有相似内容的最早材料是刻于河南安阳宝山大住圣窟{1}的《略礼□□□□忏悔等文》，两者都提到十方佛、过去七佛、五十三佛、三十五佛等七阶佛名，两相对照可知它们所指的都是七阶佛。……